{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1987948407","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2591513.2591556","title":"On macro-fault","display_name":"On macro-fault","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-05-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1987948407","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2591513.2591556","mag":"1987948407"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2591513.2591556","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2591513.2591556","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 24th edition of the great lakes symposium on VLSI","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030537604","display_name":"Tak-Kei Lam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tak-Kei Lam","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xing Wei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xing Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110090558","display_name":"Wen-Ben Jone","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63135867","display_name":"University of Cincinnati","ror":"https://ror.org/01e3m7079","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen-Ben Jone","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA","University of Cincinnati, CINCINNATI, OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cincinnati, CINCINNATI, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069926547","display_name":"Yi Diao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Diao","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024289242","display_name":"Yu\u2010Liang Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5181-056X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Liang Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"233","last_page":"234"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.8584643602371216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-tolerance","display_name":"Fault tolerance","score":0.735265851020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stuck-at-fault","display_name":"Stuck-at fault","score":0.6603323817253113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-coverage","display_name":"Fault coverage","score":0.6326630115509033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-fault-tolerance","display_name":"Software fault tolerance","score":0.5580927133560181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-indicator","display_name":"Fault indicator","score":0.5477962493896484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.5250042676925659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.5190475583076477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5000860691070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-model","display_name":"Fault model","score":0.4862874448299408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.4323159158229828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triple-modular-redundancy","display_name":"Triple modular redundancy","score":0.4312566816806793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macro","display_name":"Macro","score":0.41615721583366394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-detection-and-isolation","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","score":0.371732234954834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3467167019844055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3209000825881958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.15969574451446533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.11091810464859009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuator","display_name":"Actuator","score":0.06714892387390137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.06269246339797974}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.8584643602371216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63540848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140932","display_name":"Fault tolerance","level":2,"score":0.735265851020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13625343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7627418","display_name":"Stuck-at fault","level":4,"score":0.6603323817253113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126953365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438152","display_name":"Fault coverage","level":3,"score":0.6326630115509033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50712370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4269346","display_name":"Software fault tolerance","level":3,"score":0.5580927133560181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21267803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438159","display_name":"Fault indicator","level":4,"score":0.5477962493896484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.5250042676925659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.5190475583076477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5000860691070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167391956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1401211","display_name":"Fault model","level":3,"score":0.4862874448299408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.4323159158229828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196371267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3998979","display_name":"Triple modular redundancy","level":3,"score":0.4312566816806793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166955791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629579","display_name":"Macro","level":2,"score":0.41615721583366394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152745839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438153","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","level":3,"score":0.371732234954834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3467167019844055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3209000825881958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.15969574451446533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11091810464859009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.06714892387390137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.06269246339797974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2591513.2591556","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2591513.2591556","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 24th edition of the great lakes symposium on VLSI","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1921858215","https://openalex.org/W2057339729","https://openalex.org/W2160349021","https://openalex.org/W2167865703","https://openalex.org/W2170227286"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051500795","https://openalex.org/W2575775159","https://openalex.org/W2166897423","https://openalex.org/W2544222762","https://openalex.org/W2577233154","https://openalex.org/W2024194466","https://openalex.org/W2586839955","https://openalex.org/W2566529656","https://openalex.org/W2350226881","https://openalex.org/W2620568181"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"macro-fault":[1,54],"is":[2,95,170],"defined":[3],"as":[4],"a":[5,34,53,162,188],"group":[6,29],"of":[7,48,84,142],"signal":[8],"faults":[9,22,47,63,73],"such":[10],"that":[11,64],"the":[12,28,71,78,81,108,125,140,149,160],"errors":[13],"induced":[14],"cannot":[15],"be":[16,56,133,179],"observed":[17],"unless":[18],"two":[19,50],"or":[20,25,68],"more":[21,97,105],"(either":[23],"permanent":[24],"temporary)":[26],"in":[27,77],"happen":[30],"simultaneously.":[31],"Since":[32],"adding":[33],"redundant":[35,59,167],"(alternative)":[36],"wire":[37,42,60,168],"for":[38,114,116,172],"an":[39],"existing":[40],"(target)":[41],"can":[43,55,178],"mask":[44],"some":[45],"certain":[46],"these":[49],"wires":[51],"mutually,":[52],"formed":[57],"by":[58,67],"addition.":[61],"The":[62,176],"are":[65,74],"dominated":[66],"equivalent":[69],"to":[70,89,132,186],"masked":[72],"also":[75],"included":[76],"macro-fault.":[79],"As":[80],"feature":[82],"size":[83],"integrated":[85],"circuit":[86,122],"technologies":[87],"continue":[88],"scale":[90],"down,":[91],"manufacturing":[92,156],"fault-free":[93],"chips":[94],"getting":[96],"difficult":[98],"and":[99,155],"fault":[100,118,145,153,174,183,191],"tolerance":[101,154,184,192],"techniques":[102,130,185],"will":[103],"become":[104],"critical.":[106],"In":[107,135],"past,":[109],"redundancy":[110,129],"has":[111],"been":[112],"adopted":[113],"memory":[115],"improving":[117,173],"tolerance.":[119,175],"For":[120],"critical":[121],"components,":[123],"even":[124],"costly":[126],"triple":[127],"modular":[128],"have":[131],"applied.":[134],"this":[136],"work,":[137],"we":[138],"study":[139],"implications":[141],"our":[143],"new":[144],"model,":[146],"macro-fault,":[147],"on":[148,152,159,166],"potential":[150],"impact":[151],"yield.":[157],"Based":[158],"findings,":[161],"heuristic":[163],"approach":[164,177],"based":[165],"addition":[169],"designed":[171],"incorporated":[180],"with":[181],"other":[182],"form":[187],"hierarchical":[189],"cross-layer":[190],"scheme.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
