{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2040710054","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2591062.2591098","title":"Quantifying programmers' mental workload during program comprehension based on cerebral blood flow measurement: a controlled experiment","display_name":"Quantifying programmers' mental workload during program comprehension based on cerebral blood flow measurement: a controlled experiment","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-05-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2040710054","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2591062.2591098","mag":"2040710054"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2591062.2591098","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2591062.2591098","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Companion Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064195000","display_name":"Takao Nakagawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5815-7324"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Takao Nakagawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["NAIST, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NAIST, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045097606","display_name":"Yasutaka Kamei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7058-1045"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135598925","display_name":"Kyushu University","ror":"https://ror.org/00p4k0j84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135598925"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasutaka Kamei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kyushu University, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyushu University, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135598925"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013633970","display_name":"Hidetake Uwano","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140361","display_name":"National Institute of Technology, Nara College","ror":"https://ror.org/034jd0m14","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120810","https://openalex.org/I4210140361"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hidetake Uwano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nara National College of Technology, Japan","NARA National College of Technology (Japan)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nara National College of Technology, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140361"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NARA National College of Technology (Japan)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140361"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078686662","display_name":"Akito Monden","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4295-207X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akito Monden","raw_affiliation_strings":["NAIST, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NAIST, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011588138","display_name":"Kenichi Matsumoto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7418-9323"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenichi Matsumoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["NAIST, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NAIST, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027592388","display_name":"Daniel M. Germ\u00e1n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5661-4392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel M. German","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Victoria, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Victoria, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064195000"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8374,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":65,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84302006,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"448","last_page":"451"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.9706000089645386,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13471","display_name":"Cognitive Functions and Memory","score":0.9241999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"Workload","score":0.8948105573654175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7001495361328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-comprehension","display_name":"Program comprehension","score":0.6543295383453369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comprehension","display_name":"Comprehension","score":0.6538997888565063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebral-blood-flow","display_name":"Cerebral blood flow","score":0.5865963697433472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.49273017048835754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.46268999576568604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4062488079071045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-system","display_name":"Software system","score":0.16188254952430725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.14960765838623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.1293404996395111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.12542372941970825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.10392367839813232}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.8948105573654175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7001495361328125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777561058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2652119","display_name":"Program comprehension","level":4,"score":0.6543295383453369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.6538997888565063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157767197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q886843","display_name":"Cerebral blood flow","level":2,"score":0.5865963697433472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.49273017048835754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.46268999576568604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4062488079071045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.16188254952430725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.14960765838623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.1293404996395111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.12542372941970825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.10392367839813232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2591062.2591098","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2591062.2591098","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Companion Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Software Engineering","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1994184572","https://openalex.org/W1999048656","https://openalex.org/W2041656211","https://openalex.org/W2047805786","https://openalex.org/W2099553878","https://openalex.org/W2810767260"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2724855087","https://openalex.org/W2886906914","https://openalex.org/W2884362859","https://openalex.org/W1508879959","https://openalex.org/W2123179197","https://openalex.org/W1995506819","https://openalex.org/W2110798500","https://openalex.org/W2899084096","https://openalex.org/W4386587646","https://openalex.org/W1587566304"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Program":[0],"comprehension":[1,54],"is":[2,16],"a":[3,23,58,94],"fundamental":[4],"activity":[5],"in":[6],"software":[7,97],"development":[8,98],"that":[9],"cannot":[10],"be":[11],"easily":[12],"measured,":[13],"as":[14],"it":[15],"performed":[17,57],"inside":[18],"the":[19,40,43,83,90],"human":[20],"brain.":[21],"Using":[22],"wearable":[24],"Near":[25],"Infra-red":[26],"Spectroscopy":[27],"(NIRS)":[28],"device":[29],"to":[30,38,88],"measure":[31,89],"cerebral":[32,69],"blood":[33,70],"flow,":[34],"this":[35],"paper":[36],"tries":[37],"answer":[39],"question:":[41],"Can":[42],"measurement":[44],"of":[45,65,85,93],"brain":[46],"blood-flow":[47],"quantify":[48],"programmers'":[49],"mental":[50,79,91],"workload":[51,92],"during":[52,96],"program":[53],"activities?":[55],"We":[56],"controlled":[59],"experiment":[60],"with":[61],"10":[62],"subjects;":[63],"8":[64],"them":[66],"showed":[67],"high":[68,78],"flow":[71],"while":[72],"understanding":[73],"strongly":[74],"obfuscated":[75],"programs":[76],"(requiring":[77],"workload).":[80],"This":[81],"suggests":[82],"possibility":[84],"using":[86],"NIRS":[87],"person":[95],"activities.":[99]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
