{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2043774165","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2578726.2578744","title":"Realtime Video Classification using Dense HOF/HOG","display_name":"Realtime Video Classification using Dense HOF/HOG","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2043774165","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2578726.2578744","mag":"2043774165"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2578726.2578744","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2578726.2578744","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/39201848-30d5-42bc-944a-31f1965b8936","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020938231","display_name":"Jasper Uijlings","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3288-7377"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. R. R. Uijlings","raw_affiliation_strings":["DISI, University of Trento, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DISI, University of Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"I. C. Duta","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I. C. Duta","raw_affiliation_strings":["DISI, University of Trento, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DISI, University of Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072851389","display_name":"Negar Rostamzadeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9638-4664"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Rostamzadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["DISI, University of Trento, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DISI, University of Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027171279","display_name":"Nicu Sebe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6597-7248"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Sebe","raw_affiliation_strings":["DISI, University of Trento, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DISI, University of Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4162,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95790587,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"145","last_page":"152"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11439","display_name":"Video Analysis and Summarization","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.8344253301620483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.771848201751709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6670887470245361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.6432340741157532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram-of-oriented-gradients","display_name":"Histogram of oriented gradients","score":0.6129748225212097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-flow","display_name":"Optical flow","score":0.6034720540046692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5865188837051392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.5672564506530762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.5044456720352173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bag-of-words-model-in-computer-vision","display_name":"Bag-of-words model in computer vision","score":0.4517180919647217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.4283975660800934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame-rate","display_name":"Frame rate","score":0.41987791657447815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4023735523223877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.23333442211151123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-word","display_name":"Visual Word","score":0.19245070219039917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.15571355819702148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13600879907608032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-retrieval","display_name":"Image retrieval","score":0.12041276693344116}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.8344253301620483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.771848201751709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6670887470245361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.6432340741157532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17426736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419918","display_name":"Histogram of oriented gradients","level":4,"score":0.6129748225212097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155542232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736111","display_name":"Optical flow","level":3,"score":0.6034720540046692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5865188837051392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.5672564506530762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5044456720352173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167611913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6884747","display_name":"Bag-of-words model in computer vision","level":5,"score":0.4517180919647217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.4283975660800934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3261483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q119565","display_name":"Frame rate","level":2,"score":0.41987791657447815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4023735523223877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.23333442211151123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189391414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7936579","display_name":"Visual Word","level":4,"score":0.19245070219039917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.15571355819702148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13600879907608032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1667742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10927554","display_name":"Image retrieval","level":3,"score":0.12041276693344116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2578726.2578744","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2578726.2578744","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unitn.it:11572/67209","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11572/67209","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196320","display_name":"Iris (University of Trento)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","host_organization_name":"University of Trento","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:openaire/39201848-30d5-42bc-944a-31f1965b8936","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/39201848-30d5-42bc-944a-31f1965b8936","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400321","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","host_organization_name":"University of Edinburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Uijlings, J R R, Duta, I C, Rostamzadeh, N & Sebe, N 2014, Realtime Video Classification Using Dense HOF/HOG. in Proceedings of International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval., 145, New York, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.1145/2578726.2578744","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:publications/39201848-30d5-42bc-944a-31f1965b8936","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11820/39201848-30d5-42bc-944a-31f1965b8936","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922455","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:openaire/39201848-30d5-42bc-944a-31f1965b8936","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/39201848-30d5-42bc-944a-31f1965b8936","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400321","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","host_organization_name":"University of Edinburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Uijlings, J R R, Duta, I C, Rostamzadeh, N & Sebe, N 2014, Realtime Video Classification Using Dense HOF/HOG. in Proceedings of International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval., 145, New York, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.1145/2578726.2578744","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1513100184","https://openalex.org/W1576762698","https://openalex.org/W1578285471","https://openalex.org/W1595717062","https://openalex.org/W1606858007","https://openalex.org/W1625255723","https://openalex.org/W1755205674","https://openalex.org/W1976921161","https://openalex.org/W1979931042","https://openalex.org/W1981781955","https://openalex.org/W1993229407","https://openalex.org/W2000590230","https://openalex.org/W2017719567","https://openalex.org/W2024868105","https://openalex.org/W2034328688","https://openalex.org/W2056132907","https://openalex.org/W2062903088","https://openalex.org/W2066941820","https://openalex.org/W2068611653","https://openalex.org/W2108333036","https://openalex.org/W2118087936","https://openalex.org/W2118877769","https://openalex.org/W2126579184","https://openalex.org/W2131846894","https://openalex.org/W2134380836","https://openalex.org/W2142194269","https://openalex.org/W2147253850","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2151259137","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2153677638","https://openalex.org/W2155302366","https://openalex.org/W2160978182","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2162915993","https://openalex.org/W2166473218","https://openalex.org/W2183153687","https://openalex.org/W2533739470","https://openalex.org/W2751023760","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W4256361765","https://openalex.org/W6636494156"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2134786086","https://openalex.org/W2511137960","https://openalex.org/W2970377291","https://openalex.org/W2181817726","https://openalex.org/W2084720538","https://openalex.org/W2363530787","https://openalex.org/W2901148276","https://openalex.org/W2726222394","https://openalex.org/W3212974055","https://openalex.org/W2154924589"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"current":[1],"state-of-the-art":[2],"in":[3,80],"Video":[4],"Classification":[5],"is":[6,33,39],"based":[7,113,119],"on":[8],"Bag-of-Words":[9],"using":[10,106],"local":[11],"visual":[12,114],"descriptors.":[13,29],"Most":[14],"commonly":[15],"these":[16],"are":[17],"Histogram":[18,24],"of":[19,25,48,78,82,88],"Oriented":[20],"Gradient":[21],"(HOG)":[22],"and":[23,61,64,75,86,99],"Optical":[26,89],"Flow":[27,90],"(HOF)":[28],"While":[30],"such":[31],"system":[32],"very":[34],"powerful":[35],"for":[36,57,102],"classification,":[37],"it":[38],"also":[40],"computationally":[41],"expensive.":[42],"This":[43],"paper":[44],"addresses":[45],"the":[46,71,95,103,122],"problem":[47],"computational":[49,76,100],"efficiency.":[50],"Specifically:":[51],"(1)":[52],"We":[53,69,93],"propose":[54],"several":[55],"speed-ups":[56],"densely":[58],"sampled":[59],"HOG":[60],"HOF":[62],"descriptors":[63,79],"release":[65],"Matlab":[66],"code.":[67],"(2)":[68],"investigate":[70,94],"trade-off":[72,96],"between":[73,97],"accuracy":[74,98],"efficiency":[77,101],"terms":[81],"frame":[83],"sampling":[84],"rate":[85],"type":[87],"method.":[91],"(3)":[92],"video":[104],"representation,":[105],"either":[107],"a":[108,116],"k-means":[109,112],"or":[110,121],"hierarchical":[111],"vocabulary,":[115],"Random":[117],"Forest":[118],"vocabulary":[120],"Fisher":[123],"kernel.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
