{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2049882446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2560031","title":"A Multiple-FPGA parallel computing architecture for real-time simulation of soft-object deformation","display_name":"A Multiple-FPGA parallel computing architecture for real-time simulation of soft-object deformation","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-03-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2049882446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2560031","mag":"2049882446"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2560031","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2560031","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136160450","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","issn_l":"1539-9087","issn":["1539-9087","1558-3465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028278655","display_name":"Behzad Mahdavikhah","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Behzad Mahdavikhah","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043135277","display_name":"Ramin Mafi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6021-7955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramin Mafi","raw_affiliation_strings":["McMaster University","McMaster university#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McMaster University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"McMaster university#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090620818","display_name":"Shahin Sirouspour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4882-2161"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahin Sirouspour","raw_affiliation_strings":["McMaster University","McMaster university#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McMaster University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"McMaster university#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048457847","display_name":"Nicola Nicolici","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6345-5908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicola Nicolici","raw_affiliation_strings":["McMaster University","McMaster university#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McMaster University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"McMaster university#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028278655"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4103,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69436278,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"23"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10571","display_name":"Robotic Mechanisms and Dynamics","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10571","display_name":"Robotic Mechanisms and Dynamics","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12810","display_name":"Real-time simulation and control systems","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.8371295928955078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.819258451461792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5765019059181213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acceleration","display_name":"Acceleration","score":0.5351280570030212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.495486855506897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discretization","display_name":"Discretization","score":0.4952000677585602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conjugate-gradient-method","display_name":"Conjugate gradient method","score":0.49492090940475464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.4862445890903473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science","display_name":"Computational science","score":0.44890516996383667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.2711116671562195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1861993670463562}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.8371295928955078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.819258451461792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5765019059181213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117896860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11376","display_name":"Acceleration","level":2,"score":0.5351280570030212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.495486855506897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73000952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007827","display_name":"Discretization","level":2,"score":0.4952000677585602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81184566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191895","display_name":"Conjugate gradient method","level":2,"score":0.49492090940475464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.4862445890903473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.44890516996383667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.2711116671562195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1861993670463562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2560031","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2560031","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136160450","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","issn_l":"1539-9087","issn":["1539-9087","1558-3465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5199999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W632829930","https://openalex.org/W1506342804","https://openalex.org/W1515864807","https://openalex.org/W1523532434","https://openalex.org/W1552108359","https://openalex.org/W1573186872","https://openalex.org/W1855363286","https://openalex.org/W1872842222","https://openalex.org/W1874409481","https://openalex.org/W1971020261","https://openalex.org/W1971224440","https://openalex.org/W1973588564","https://openalex.org/W1981252059","https://openalex.org/W2030811296","https://openalex.org/W2047475418","https://openalex.org/W2047802452","https://openalex.org/W2054316636","https://openalex.org/W2066805957","https://openalex.org/W2097419275","https://openalex.org/W2098602979","https://openalex.org/W2103861045","https://openalex.org/W2124007994","https://openalex.org/W2124610780","https://openalex.org/W2129494071","https://openalex.org/W2130128444","https://openalex.org/W2131433010","https://openalex.org/W2133823800","https://openalex.org/W2138386686","https://openalex.org/W2141430965","https://openalex.org/W2141654056","https://openalex.org/W2142169556","https://openalex.org/W2146369740","https://openalex.org/W2146871484","https://openalex.org/W2150340392","https://openalex.org/W2152567198","https://openalex.org/W2158572265","https://openalex.org/W2158738245","https://openalex.org/W2160106215","https://openalex.org/W2166092736","https://openalex.org/W2172236994","https://openalex.org/W2408375121","https://openalex.org/W2602816542","https://openalex.org/W2623660146","https://openalex.org/W3121554115","https://openalex.org/W3141554183","https://openalex.org/W4232314051","https://openalex.org/W4298053935","https://openalex.org/W7055305055"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2006251942","https://openalex.org/W2364741597","https://openalex.org/W1492103595","https://openalex.org/W1864774435","https://openalex.org/W946352265","https://openalex.org/W3020787026","https://openalex.org/W2334479858","https://openalex.org/W2799209613","https://openalex.org/W1971388572","https://openalex.org/W1507702947"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hardware-based":[0],"parallel":[1],"computing":[2,53],"is":[3],"proposed":[4],"for":[5],"acceleration":[6],"of":[7,11,18,37,50,62,76,86,91,98],"finite-element":[8],"(FE)":[9],"analysis":[10],"linear":[12,35],"elastic":[13],"deformation":[14],"models.":[15],"An":[16,60],"implementation":[17,61],"the":[19,33,41],"Preconditioned":[20],"Conjugate":[21],"Gradient":[22],"algorithm":[23],"on":[24,66],"N":[25],"Field":[26],"Programmable":[27],"Gate":[28],"Array":[29],"(FPGA)":[30],"devices":[31,71],"solves":[32],"large":[34,48],"system":[36,45],"equations":[38],"arising":[39],"from":[40],"FE":[42],"discretization.":[43],"The":[44],"employs":[46],"a":[47,56,73,87],"number":[49],"customized":[51],"fixed-point":[52],"units":[54],"with":[55],"high-throughput":[57],"memory":[58],"architecture.":[59],"this":[63],"scalable":[64],"architecture":[65],"four":[67],"Altera":[68],"EP3SE110":[69],"FPGA":[70],"yields":[72],"peak":[74],"performance":[75],"604":[77],"Giga":[78],"Operations":[79],"per":[80],"second.":[81],"This":[82],"enables":[83],"haptic":[84],"simulation":[85],"3-dimensional":[88],"deformable":[89],"object":[90],"21000":[92],"elements":[93],"at":[94],"an":[95],"update":[96],"rate":[97],"400Hz.":[99]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T09:19:25.381259","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}