{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2157550063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2559904","title":"The Space Complexity of Long-Lived and One-Shot Timestamp Implementations","display_name":"The Space Complexity of Long-Lived and One-Shot Timestamp Implementations","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2157550063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2559904","mag":"2157550063"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2559904","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2559904","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118992489","display_name":"Journal of the ACM","issn_l":"0004-5411","issn":["0004-5411","1557-735X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076632609","display_name":"Maryam Helmi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maryam Helmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Calgary"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calgary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035611716","display_name":"Lisa High\u00e1m","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lisa Higham","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Calgary"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calgary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049346869","display_name":"Eduardo Pacheco","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8961855","display_name":"Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico","ror":"https://ror.org/01tmp8f25","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8961855"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eduardo Pacheco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Nacional Automoma de Mexico and University of Calgary"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Nacional Automoma de Mexico and University of Calgary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8961855"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009422307","display_name":"Philipp Woelfel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7847-4631"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philipp Woelfel","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Calgary"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calgary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.239,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92954194,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"25"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9767000079154968,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12288","display_name":"Optimization and Search Problems","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/timestamp","display_name":"Timestamp","score":0.9464383125305176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/timestamp-based-concurrency-control","display_name":"Timestamp-based concurrency control","score":0.7143531441688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6567833423614502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.513279914855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identifier","display_name":"Identifier","score":0.5000543594360352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-complexity","display_name":"Time complexity","score":0.4940405488014221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.4611765146255493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spacetime","display_name":"Spacetime","score":0.4250313639640808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.41379451751708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.40845394134521484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2871997654438019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.19089096784591675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.13242271542549133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concurrency-control","display_name":"Concurrency control","score":0.10732737183570862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10100477933883667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113954288","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186885","display_name":"Timestamp","level":2,"score":0.9464383125305176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35819235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186868","display_name":"Timestamp-based concurrency control","level":5,"score":0.7143531441688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6567833423614502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.513279914855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154504017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853614","display_name":"Identifier","level":2,"score":0.5000543594360352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C311688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393193","display_name":"Time complexity","level":2,"score":0.4940405488014221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.4611765146255493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130187892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133327","display_name":"Spacetime","level":2,"score":0.4250313639640808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.41379451751708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.40845394134521484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2871997654438019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.19089096784591675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.13242271542549133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84511453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2914952","display_name":"Concurrency control","level":3,"score":0.10732737183570862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10100477933883667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C208087996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283142","display_name":"Distributed concurrency control","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2559904","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2559904","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118992489","display_name":"Journal of the ACM","issn_l":"0004-5411","issn":["0004-5411","1557-735X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1597721101","https://openalex.org/W1652742168","https://openalex.org/W1983056589","https://openalex.org/W1993805917","https://openalex.org/W2002992113","https://openalex.org/W2005317574","https://openalex.org/W2015956262","https://openalex.org/W2022086264","https://openalex.org/W2025193953","https://openalex.org/W2042141409","https://openalex.org/W2055379190","https://openalex.org/W2059328141","https://openalex.org/W2064709442","https://openalex.org/W2067397086","https://openalex.org/W2070908350","https://openalex.org/W2087668037","https://openalex.org/W2095244541","https://openalex.org/W2116746874","https://openalex.org/W2134091651","https://openalex.org/W2144884804","https://openalex.org/W2161867035","https://openalex.org/W2166680701","https://openalex.org/W3137220996","https://openalex.org/W4254694354","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2144099193","https://openalex.org/W2354313817","https://openalex.org/W2096330195","https://openalex.org/W2350698143","https://openalex.org/W4385623058","https://openalex.org/W4282941593","https://openalex.org/W2901444205","https://openalex.org/W1504625248","https://openalex.org/W1971449019","https://openalex.org/W4380874976"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,110],"article":[1],"is":[2,112,167],"concerned":[3],"with":[4,25],"the":[5,90,107],"problem":[6],"of":[7,22,55,83,106,148],"implementing":[8],"an":[9,18,33],"unbounded":[10],"timestamp":[11,57,93,108,150,158,176,196],"object":[12],"from":[13,32,59],"multiwriter":[14],"atomic":[15,60],"registers,":[16,185],"in":[17,74],"asynchronous":[19],"distributed":[20],"system":[21,177],"n":[23,43,84,125,134,137,183],"processes":[24,63],"distinct":[26],"identifiers":[27],"where":[28],"timestamps":[29],"are":[30,49,142],"taken":[31],"arbitrary":[34],"universe.":[35],"Ellen":[36,115],"et":[37,116],"al.":[38,117],"[2008]":[39,118],"showed":[40],"that":[41,123,132,164,178],"\u221a":[42],"/2":[44],"\u2212":[45,86,126,135,138],"O":[46,139],"(1)":[47,140],"registers":[48,61,88,141],"required":[50,143],"for":[51,89,103,144],"any":[52,145],"obstruction-free":[53,91,146],"implementation":[54,147],"long-lived":[56,92,195],"systems":[58,151],"(meaning":[62,152],"can":[64,155],"repeatedly":[65],"get":[66,156],"timestamps).":[67],"We":[68,162],"improve":[69],"this":[70,165],"existing":[71],"lower":[72,81,98],"bound":[73,82,111,166],"two":[75],"ways.":[76],"First":[77],"we":[78,130],"establish":[79],"a":[80,120,157,173,188],"/6":[85],"1":[87,127],"problem.":[94,109],"Previous":[95],"such":[96],"linear":[97],"bounds":[99],"were":[100],"only":[101],"known":[102],"constrained":[104],"versions":[105],"asymptotically":[113,169],"tight;":[114],"constructed":[119],"wait-free":[121,174],"algorithm":[122],"uses":[124,179],"registers.":[128],"Second":[129],"show":[131,163],"\u221a2":[133],"log":[136],"one-shot":[149,175,193],"each":[153],"process":[154],"at":[159,180],"most":[160,181],"once).":[161],"also":[168],"tight":[170],"by":[171],"providing":[172],"\u23082\u221a":[182],"\u2309":[184],"thus":[186],"establishing":[187],"space":[189],"complexity":[190],"gap":[191],"between":[192],"and":[194],"systems.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}