{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2026854251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2554850.2554923","title":"Ianus","display_name":"Ianus","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-03-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2026854251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2554850.2554923","mag":"2026854251"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2554850.2554923","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2554850.2554923","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 29th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059521006","display_name":"Daniela Oliveira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7159-2638"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135474949","display_name":"Bowdoin College","ror":"https://ror.org/03gh96r95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135474949"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniela Oliveira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bowdoin College, Santa Clara, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bowdoin College, Santa Clara, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135474949"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108419519","display_name":"Jesus Navarro","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135474949","display_name":"Bowdoin College","ror":"https://ror.org/03gh96r95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135474949"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jesus Navarro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bowdoin College, Santa Clara, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bowdoin College, Santa Clara, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135474949"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045876124","display_name":"Nicholas Wetzel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135474949","display_name":"Bowdoin College","ror":"https://ror.org/03gh96r95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135474949"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas Wetzel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bowdoin College, Santa Clara, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bowdoin College, Santa Clara, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135474949"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019687914","display_name":"Max Bucci","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135474949","display_name":"Bowdoin College","ror":"https://ror.org/03gh96r95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135474949"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Max Bucci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bowdoin College, Santa Clara, CA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bowdoin College, Santa Clara, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135474949"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059521006"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135474949"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6361,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87056854,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1672","last_page":"1679"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9617000222206116,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rootkit","display_name":"Rootkit","score":0.8787593841552734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7311228513717651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.6540380716323853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linux-kernel","display_name":"Linux kernel","score":0.5907148718833923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5799650549888611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypervisor","display_name":"Hypervisor","score":0.566245973110199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/x86","display_name":"x86","score":0.5124714970588684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.509598970413208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4606608748435974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.44402462244033813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-call","display_name":"System call","score":0.4411105513572693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.41788914799690247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtualization","display_name":"Virtualization","score":0.3813428580760956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.27513545751571655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.15641507506370544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.1175963282585144}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10144332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14645","display_name":"Rootkit","level":3,"score":0.8787593841552734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7311228513717651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.6540380716323853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C553261973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14579","display_name":"Linux kernel","level":2,"score":0.5907148718833923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5799650549888611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112904061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1077480","display_name":"Hypervisor","level":4,"score":0.566245973110199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170723468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182933","display_name":"x86","level":3,"score":0.5124714970588684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.509598970413208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4606608748435974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.44402462244033813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778579508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q722192","display_name":"System call","level":2,"score":0.4411105513572693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.41788914799690247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513985346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270471","display_name":"Virtualization","level":3,"score":0.3813428580760956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.27513545751571655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.15641507506370544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.1175963282585144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2554850.2554923","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2554850.2554923","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 29th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3512709930","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1149730","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337388","funder_display_name":"Division of Computer and Network Systems"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337388","display_name":"Division of Computer and Network Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/02rdzmk74"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1112477","https://openalex.org/W103986934","https://openalex.org/W161166442","https://openalex.org/W1517866176","https://openalex.org/W1577966481","https://openalex.org/W1600488626","https://openalex.org/W1641762327","https://openalex.org/W1772960743","https://openalex.org/W1813040609","https://openalex.org/W1963581527","https://openalex.org/W1969081960","https://openalex.org/W2011724792","https://openalex.org/W2029224396","https://openalex.org/W2036548030","https://openalex.org/W2048997531","https://openalex.org/W2068234766","https://openalex.org/W2079029390","https://openalex.org/W2112731379","https://openalex.org/W2117882778","https://openalex.org/W2119068918","https://openalex.org/W2119982986","https://openalex.org/W2120118950","https://openalex.org/W2122097147","https://openalex.org/W2127784167","https://openalex.org/W2135162105","https://openalex.org/W2136310957","https://openalex.org/W2138580357","https://openalex.org/W2139949621","https://openalex.org/W2143999355","https://openalex.org/W2144006591","https://openalex.org/W2151006143","https://openalex.org/W2162800072","https://openalex.org/W2166004296","https://openalex.org/W2168760272","https://openalex.org/W2397854955","https://openalex.org/W2403154275","https://openalex.org/W4206796831","https://openalex.org/W4229646679"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2974258286","https://openalex.org/W2393767428","https://openalex.org/W1979469929","https://openalex.org/W2550565492","https://openalex.org/W2150403335","https://openalex.org/W1518891319","https://openalex.org/W2354398839","https://openalex.org/W2171038386","https://openalex.org/W4385750663","https://openalex.org/W1514297880"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Kernel":[0],"extensions,":[1],"especially":[2],"device":[3],"drivers,":[4],"make":[5],"up":[6],"a":[7,24,34,60,66,96,115,121,163,205],"large":[8,97],"fraction":[9,47,117],"of":[10,42,48,95,99,118],"modern":[11,73,181],"OS":[12],"kernels":[13],"(approximately":[14,255],"70%":[15],"in":[16,56,192],"Linux).":[17],"Most":[18],"extensions":[19,222],"are":[20,50,102],"benign":[21,104,235],"and":[22,32,76,105,146,149,195,213,234,243,246],"represent":[23],"convenient":[25],"approach":[26],"for":[27,111,208],"extending":[28],"the":[29,88,156,167,214,253],"kernel":[30,57,63,168,221],"functionality":[31],"allowing":[33],"system":[35,86,133,242,254],"to":[36,62,123,152,165,174,252],"communicate":[37],"with":[38,79,138,198,224,231,241],"an":[39,135,189,249],"increasing":[40],"number":[41,98],"I/O":[43],"devices.":[44],"A":[45],"small":[46,116,250],"them":[49,119],"malicious":[51],"and,":[52],"as":[53,126],"they":[54,127],"run":[55],"space,":[58],"pose":[59,120],"threat":[61,122],"integrity.":[64],"From":[65],"security":[67,228],"viewpoint":[68],"this":[69,177,209],"situation":[70],"is":[71,93],"paradoxical:":[72],"OSes":[74],"depend":[75],"must":[77],"co-live":[78],"untrustworthy":[80],"but":[81],"needed":[82],"extensions.":[83,200],"Our":[84],"immune":[85,132,185],"faces":[87],"same":[89],"challenge:":[90],"our":[91,112,124,184],"body":[92,125],"made":[94],"bacteria,":[100],"which":[101,218],"mostly":[103],"also":[106],"carry":[107],"out":[108],"critical":[109],"functions":[110],"physiology.":[113],"However,":[114],"can":[128],"cause":[129],"pathologies.":[130],"The":[131],"maintains":[134],"homeostatic":[136],"relationship":[137],"its":[139],"microbiota":[140],"by":[141],"minimizing":[142],"contact":[143],"between":[144],"bacteria":[145,151],"cell":[147],"surfaces":[148],"confining":[150],"certain":[153],"sites.":[154],"Challenging":[155],"current":[157],"trend":[158],"that":[159,180],"advocates":[160,179],"leveraging":[161],"only":[162],"hypervisor":[164],"defend":[166,175],"(for":[169],"considering":[170],"it":[171,247],"too":[172],"vulnerable":[173],"itself),":[176],"paper":[178],"OSes,":[182],"like":[183],"system,":[186],"should":[187],"play":[188],"active":[190],"role":[191],"maintaining":[193],"healthy":[194],"safe":[196],"interactions":[197,223],"their":[199],"This":[201],"work":[202],"presents":[203],"Ianus,":[204],"proof-of-concept":[206],"prototype":[207],"paradigm":[210],"using":[211],"Linux":[212],"Bochs":[215],"x86":[216],"emulator,":[217],"successfully":[219],"minimized":[220],"original":[225],"kernel.":[226],"Its":[227],"was":[229,239],"evaluated":[230],"real":[232],"rootkits":[233],"modules.":[236],"Ianus'":[237],"performance":[238],"analyzed":[240],"CPU":[244],"benchmarks":[245],"caused":[248],"overhead":[251],"12%).":[256]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}