{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2006740054","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2544375.2544376","title":"Monitoring massive appliances by a minimal number of smart meters","display_name":"Monitoring massive appliances by a minimal number of smart meters","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2006740054","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2544375.2544376","mag":"2006740054"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2544375.2544376","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2544375.2544376","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136160450","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","issn_l":"1539-9087","issn":["1539-9087","1558-3465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053362548","display_name":"Yongcai Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4197-2258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongcai Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China","TsingHua University, Beijing, P.R. China#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"TsingHua University, Beijing, P.R. China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100993765","display_name":"Xiaohong Hao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohong Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China","TsingHua University, Beijing, P.R. China#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"TsingHua University, Beijing, P.R. China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047993697","display_name":"Lei Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5863-2658"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China","TsingHua University, Beijing, P.R. China#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"TsingHua University, Beijing, P.R. China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014416228","display_name":"Chenye Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5730-916X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenye Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China","TsingHua University, Beijing, P.R. China#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"TsingHua University, Beijing, P.R. China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103021178","display_name":"Yuexuan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0471-1546"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuexuan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China","TsingHua University, Beijing, P.R. China#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"TsingHua University, Beijing, P.R. China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112540993","display_name":"Changjian Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149379","display_name":"NEC (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/04xrcx824","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347220","https://openalex.org/I4210149379"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changjian Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["NEC Labs., Beijing, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NEC Labs., Beijing, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149379"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106403416","display_name":"Lu Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0550-7754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149379","display_name":"NEC (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/04xrcx824","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347220","https://openalex.org/I4210149379"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["NEC Labs., Beijing, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NEC Labs., Beijing, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149379"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8288,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7640006,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"2s","first_page":"1","last_page":"20"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.9872000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8128050565719604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.6781471371650696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.6183716058731079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.5806609392166138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.5690906643867493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-meter","display_name":"Smart meter","score":0.5192680358886719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.49425411224365234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.4838827848434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.4680744409561157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.46798086166381836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/location-tracking","display_name":"Location tracking","score":0.4146729111671448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.41053080558776855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.38453447818756104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3280327320098877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.19797936081886292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1918151080608368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.10909003019332886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09169405698776245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.0836462676525116}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8128050565719604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.6781471371650696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.6183716058731079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5806609392166138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.5690906643867493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779510800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1630602","display_name":"Smart meter","level":3,"score":0.5192680358886719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.49425411224365234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4838827848434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.4680744409561157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.46798086166381836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019020692","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141406","display_name":"Location tracking","level":2,"score":0.4146729111671448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.41053080558776855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.38453447818756104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3280327320098877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.19797936081886292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1918151080608368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.10909003019332886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09169405698776245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0836462676525116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2544375.2544376","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2544375.2544376","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136160450","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","issn_l":"1539-9087","issn":["1539-9087","1558-3465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1884955265","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61202360, 61033001, 61061130540, and 61073174","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5068488477","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2011CBA00300 and 2011CBA00301","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321540","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321540","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/027s68j25"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1575597416","https://openalex.org/W2045247177","https://openalex.org/W2059774060","https://openalex.org/W2073516667","https://openalex.org/W2075901867","https://openalex.org/W2098842032","https://openalex.org/W2100421988","https://openalex.org/W2101470756","https://openalex.org/W2123910460","https://openalex.org/W2125528791","https://openalex.org/W2135046866","https://openalex.org/W2135967984","https://openalex.org/W2142384583","https://openalex.org/W2152361837","https://openalex.org/W2154224206","https://openalex.org/W2157160574","https://openalex.org/W2161708246","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6602847582"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2364370872","https://openalex.org/W2053269318","https://openalex.org/W2025614924","https://openalex.org/W2294335174","https://openalex.org/W2097963413","https://openalex.org/W1591475660","https://openalex.org/W2001275470","https://openalex.org/W3145575561","https://openalex.org/W2164162849","https://openalex.org/W2559776840"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,7,20,72,106],"framework":[4],"for":[5,129],"deploying":[6],"minimal":[8],"number":[9,22,46,81],"of":[10,19,23,31,36,47,61,82,99,104,126,170],"smart":[11,49],"meters":[12,50,83],"to":[13,65,78,88,121,145,154],"accurately":[14,93],"track":[15,122],"the":[16,28,37,44,59,66,80,95,102,114,123,152,171,192],"ON/OFF":[17,33,97],"states":[18,98],"massive":[21,38],"electrical":[24],"appliances":[25,100],"which":[26,57],"exploits":[27],"sparseness":[29],"feature":[30],"simultaneous":[32,172],"switching":[34,173],"events":[35],"appliances.":[39],"A":[40],"theoretical":[41],"bound":[42,169],"on":[43,113],"least":[45],"required":[48],"is":[51,119,166],"studied":[52],"by":[53,101,199],"an":[54,167],"entropy-based":[55],"approach,":[56],"qualifies":[58],"impact":[60],"meter":[62,73,193],"deployment":[63,74,194],"strategies":[64],"state":[67,89,108,124,208],"tracking":[68,90,209],"accuracy.":[69,91,131,210],"It":[70],"motivates":[71],"optimization":[75],"algorithm":[76,111],"(MDOP)":[77],"minimize":[79],"while":[84,203],"satisfying":[85],"given":[86],"requirements":[87],"To":[92],"decode":[94],"real-time":[96],"readings":[103],"meters,":[105],"fast":[107],"decoding":[109],"(FSD)":[110],"based":[112],"hidden":[115],"Markov":[116],"model":[117],"(HMM)":[118],"presented":[120],"sequence":[125,148],"each":[127],"appliance":[128],"better":[130],"Although":[132],"traditional":[133],"HMM":[134],"needs":[135],"O":[136,155],"(":[137,156],"t":[138],"2":[139,140],"N":[141,163],")":[142],"time":[143],"complexity":[144,153],"conduct":[146],"online":[147],"decoding,":[149],"FSD":[150,178],"improves":[151],"tn":[157],"U+1":[158],"),":[159],"where":[160],"n":[161],"&lt;":[162],"and":[164,177,184],"U":[165],"upper":[168],"events.":[174],"Both":[175],"MDOP":[176],"are":[179],"verified":[180],"extensively":[181],"using":[182],"simulations":[183],"real":[185],"PowerNet":[186],"data.":[187],"The":[188],"results":[189],"show":[190],"that":[191],"cost":[195],"can":[196],"be":[197],"saved":[198],"more":[200],"than":[201],"80%":[202],"still":[204],"getting":[205],"over":[206],"90%":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
