{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2063031064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2542181","title":"Beyond Lamport's <i>Happened-before</i>","display_name":"Beyond Lamport's <i>Happened-before</i>","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2063031064","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2542181","mag":"2063031064"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2542181","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2542181","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118992489","display_name":"Journal of the ACM","issn_l":"0004-5411","issn":["0004-5411","1557-735X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059861637","display_name":"Ido Ben-Zvi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174306211","display_name":"Technion \u2013 Israel Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03qryx823","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ido Ben-Zvi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technion\u2014Israel Institute of Technology, Israel"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technion\u2014Israel Institute of Technology, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005055897","display_name":"Yoram Moses","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5549-1781"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174306211","display_name":"Technion \u2013 Israel Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03qryx823","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoram Moses","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Israel"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059861637"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.724,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86514044,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"26"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11125","display_name":"Petri Nets in System Modeling","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.7831835746765137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7744063138961792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.660030722618103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/message-passing","display_name":"Message passing","score":0.6291568875312805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relation","display_name":"Relation (database)","score":0.5944951772689819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.5109859704971313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","score":0.5042160749435425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/centipede","display_name":"Centipede","score":0.43381303548812866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order","display_name":"Order (exchange)","score":0.41821974515914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3721933960914612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.1371469497680664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.0843527615070343}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.7831835746765137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7744063138961792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.660030722618103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C854659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1859284","display_name":"Message passing","level":2,"score":0.6291568875312805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.5944951772689819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.5109859704971313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.5042160749435425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777315761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43447","display_name":"Centipede","level":2,"score":0.43381303548812866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.41821974515914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3721933960914612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.1371469497680664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.0843527615070343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2542181","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2542181","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118992489","display_name":"Journal of the ACM","issn_l":"0004-5411","issn":["0004-5411","1557-735X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4477749552","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1339/05 and 1520/11","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322252","funder_display_name":"Israel Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322252","display_name":"Israel Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/04sazxf24"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W35276785","https://openalex.org/W63638064","https://openalex.org/W1488202922","https://openalex.org/W1543574057","https://openalex.org/W1579488146","https://openalex.org/W1606697963","https://openalex.org/W1796825265","https://openalex.org/W1950554995","https://openalex.org/W1969360009","https://openalex.org/W1970606468","https://openalex.org/W1973936528","https://openalex.org/W2022205872","https://openalex.org/W2041582401","https://openalex.org/W2052990370","https://openalex.org/W2061819031","https://openalex.org/W2063738536","https://openalex.org/W2067887313","https://openalex.org/W2106622011","https://openalex.org/W2109100253","https://openalex.org/W2109469951","https://openalex.org/W2119422255","https://openalex.org/W2125349172","https://openalex.org/W2126474949","https://openalex.org/W2138162238","https://openalex.org/W2142947219","https://openalex.org/W2149907923","https://openalex.org/W2156186849","https://openalex.org/W2159131252","https://openalex.org/W2264742718","https://openalex.org/W2611515161","https://openalex.org/W3088048311","https://openalex.org/W3137220996","https://openalex.org/W3140030144","https://openalex.org/W3194490641","https://openalex.org/W6660508876"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1857589954","https://openalex.org/W4290460336","https://openalex.org/W2186407990","https://openalex.org/W2008888345","https://openalex.org/W2572067835","https://openalex.org/W3026230677","https://openalex.org/W2069542295","https://openalex.org/W2135714282","https://openalex.org/W1690000972","https://openalex.org/W1595373702"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,152],"coordination":[1,206],"of":[2,5,28,33,49,61,69,103,129,148,201,218,230],"a":[3,11,16,145,155,172,177,198,219],"sequence":[4],"actions,":[6],"to":[7,184,209,226],"be":[8],"performed":[9],"in":[10,15,22,46,97,179,190,223],"linear":[12,101,205],"temporal":[13],"order":[14],"distributed":[17,202],"system,":[18],"is":[19,42,87,91,105,142,154,163,195,207],"studied.":[20],"While":[21],"asynchronous":[23,191],"message-passing":[24],"systems":[25],"such":[26,56],"ordering":[27,102],"events":[29,70],"requires":[30],"the":[31,47,58,67,75,85,109,113,121,127,132,149,166,180,228],"construction":[32],"message":[34,53,118,169,188],"chains":[35,189],"based":[36,164,196],"on":[37,52,165,168,197],"Lamport's":[38],"happened-before":[39,150],"relation,":[40],"this":[41],"no":[43],"longer":[44],"true":[45],"presence":[48],"time":[50,62,133],"bounds":[51,167],"delivery.":[54],"Given":[55],"bounds,":[57],"mere":[59],"passage":[60,128],"can":[63],"provide":[64],"information":[65,115,124],"about":[66,213],"occurrence":[68],"at":[71],"remote":[72],"sites,":[73],"without":[74],"need":[76],"for":[77],"explicit":[78,114],"confirmation.":[79],"A":[80],"new":[81],"causal":[82],"structure":[83],"called":[84,143],"centipede":[86],"introduced,":[88],"and":[89,120],"it":[90],"shown":[92,225],"that":[93,162,185],"centipedes":[94,175],"must":[95],"exist":[96],"every":[98],"execution":[99],"where":[100],"actions":[104],"ensured.":[106],"Centipedes":[107,135],"capture":[108],"subtle":[110],"interplay":[111],"between":[112],"obtained":[116],"via":[117],"chains,":[119],"indirectly":[122],"derived":[123],"gained":[125],"by":[126,187],"time,":[130],"given":[131],"bounds.":[134],"are":[136],"defined":[137],"using":[138],"two":[139],"relations.":[140],"One":[141],"syncausality,":[144],"slight":[146],"generalisation":[147],"relation.":[151],"other":[153],"novel":[156],"bound":[157],"guarantee":[158],"relation":[159],"among":[160],"events,":[161],"transmission.":[170],"In":[171],"precise":[173],"sense,":[174],"play":[176],"role":[178],"synchronous":[181],"setting":[182],"analogous":[183],"played":[186],"systems.":[192],"Our":[193],"study":[194],"knowledge-based":[199],"analysis":[200],"coordination.":[203],"Temporally":[204],"reduced":[208],"nested":[210,216],"knowledge":[211,217],"(knowledge":[212],"knowledge).":[214],"Obtaining":[215],"spontaneous":[220],"event":[221],"is,":[222],"turn,":[224],"require":[227],"existence":[229],"an":[231],"appropriate":[232],"centipede.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}