{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2032173170","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2536747.2536760","title":"Software-based register file vulnerability reduction for embedded processors","display_name":"Software-based register file vulnerability reduction for embedded processors","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2032173170","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2536747.2536760","mag":"2032173170"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2536747.2536760","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2536747.2536760","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136160450","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","issn_l":"1539-9087","issn":["1539-9087","1558-3465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100780257","display_name":"Jongeun Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1523-2974"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","display_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/017cjz748","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jongeun Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["UNIST, Ulsan, Korea","[UNIST, Ulsan, Korea]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNIST, Ulsan, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[UNIST, Ulsan, Korea]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044172378","display_name":"Aviral Shrivastava","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1075-897X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aviral Shrivastava","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100780257"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.24,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60693655,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1s","first_page":"1","last_page":"20"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.9083439707756042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/register-allocation","display_name":"Register allocation","score":0.7845535278320312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instruction-scheduling","display_name":"Instruction scheduling","score":0.6697551608085632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.6654999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/register-file","display_name":"Register file","score":0.6517194509506226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.5481997132301331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimizing-compiler","display_name":"Optimizing compiler","score":0.4680832028388977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.45323821902275085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.44870060682296753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instruction-set","display_name":"Instruction set","score":0.24532121419906616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.19876885414123535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schedule","display_name":"Schedule","score":0.1897946000099182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.18600061535835266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-priority-scheduling","display_name":"Dynamic priority scheduling","score":0.15275004506111145}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9083439707756042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128916667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1343660","display_name":"Register allocation","level":3,"score":0.7845535278320312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73564150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11417093","display_name":"Instruction scheduling","level":5,"score":0.6697551608085632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.6654999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117280010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180944","display_name":"Register file","level":3,"score":0.6517194509506226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.5481997132301331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190902152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1325106","display_name":"Optimizing compiler","level":3,"score":0.4680832028388977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.45323821902275085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.44870060682296753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202491316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272683","display_name":"Instruction set","level":2,"score":0.24532121419906616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.19876885414123535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68387754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7271585","display_name":"Schedule","level":2,"score":0.1897946000099182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.18600061535835266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107568181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5319000","display_name":"Dynamic priority scheduling","level":3,"score":0.15275004506111145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119948110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7858726","display_name":"Two-level scheduling","level":4,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2536747.2536760","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2536747.2536760","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136160450","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","issn_l":"1539-9087","issn":["1539-9087","1558-3465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.unist.ac.kr:201301/4237","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.unist.ac.kr/handle/201301/4237","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401118","display_name":"Scholarworks@UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","host_organization_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"ARTICLE"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5600000023841858}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3891366682","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF 1055094 (CAREER)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337387","funder_display_name":"Division of Computing and Communication Foundations"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5069992840","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2010-0011534","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322349","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education, Science and Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322349","display_name":"Ministry of Education, Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01p262204"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337387","display_name":"Division of Computing and Communication Foundations","ror":"https://ror.org/01mng8331"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686420892","https://openalex.org/W2034593585","https://openalex.org/W2047636717","https://openalex.org/W2058640228","https://openalex.org/W2088203538","https://openalex.org/W2097018539","https://openalex.org/W2101473122","https://openalex.org/W2107635292","https://openalex.org/W2112833506","https://openalex.org/W2115971347","https://openalex.org/W2117804111","https://openalex.org/W2122224409","https://openalex.org/W2125185185","https://openalex.org/W2130189691","https://openalex.org/W2130240616","https://openalex.org/W2133971626","https://openalex.org/W2141068710","https://openalex.org/W2141729315","https://openalex.org/W2144512449","https://openalex.org/W2155231837","https://openalex.org/W2159648216","https://openalex.org/W2161455936","https://openalex.org/W2162465831","https://openalex.org/W2169596872","https://openalex.org/W3005308162","https://openalex.org/W4233440120"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2091058226","https://openalex.org/W2165125411","https://openalex.org/W3022691489","https://openalex.org/W2104554143","https://openalex.org/W2554856125","https://openalex.org/W2000718530","https://openalex.org/W2581286023","https://openalex.org/W2151326751","https://openalex.org/W2054117411","https://openalex.org/W1506246762"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Register":[0],"File":[1],"(RF)":[2],"is":[3,24,38],"extremely":[4],"vulnerable":[5],"to":[6,14,67,83,94,150,178,185],"soft":[7],"errors,":[8],"and":[9,107,148],"traditional":[10],"redundancy":[11],"based":[12,58,78,122],"schemes":[13],"protect":[15],"the":[16,27,32,41,45,85,99,137,168],"RF":[17,23,141],"are":[18,62],"prohibitive":[19],"not":[20],"only":[21,63],"because":[22],"often":[25],"in":[26,52,157],"timing":[28],"critical":[29],"path":[30],"of":[31,40,87,139],"processor,":[33],"but":[34,55],"also":[35,108],"since":[36],"it":[37],"one":[39],"hottest":[42],"blocks":[43],"on":[44,59,79,123,146,176],"chip.":[46],"Software":[47],"approaches":[48,57],"would":[49],"be":[50],"ideal":[51],"this":[53,71],"case,":[54],"previous":[56],"instruction":[60],"scheduling":[61],"moderately":[64],"effective":[65],"due":[66],"local":[68],"scope.":[69],"In":[70,159],"article":[72],"we":[73,116],"present":[74,109,117],"a":[75,110,140,153,179],"compiler":[76],"approach,":[77],"interprocedural":[80],"program":[81],"analysis,":[82],"reduce":[84,136,167],"vulnerability":[86,138],"registers":[88],"by":[89,142,172],"temporarily":[90],"writing":[91],"live":[92],"variables":[93],"protected":[95],"memory.":[96],"We":[97],"formulate":[98],"problem":[100,106],"as":[101],"an":[102,118],"integer":[103],"linear":[104],"programming":[105],"very":[111],"efficient":[112],"heuristic":[113],"algorithm.":[114,127],"Further":[115],"iterative":[119],"optimization":[120,164],"method":[121],"Kernighan-Lin's":[124],"graph":[125],"partitioning":[126],"Our":[128],"experiments":[129],"demonstrate":[130],"that":[131],"our":[132,161],"proposed":[133],"techniques":[134],"can":[135,165],"33":[143],"\u223c":[144,182],"37%":[145],"average":[147],"up":[149],"66%,":[151],"with":[152],"small":[154],"2%":[155],"increase":[156],"runtime.":[158],"addition,":[160],"overhead":[162],"reduction":[163],"effectively":[166],"code":[169],"size":[170],"overhead,":[171],"more":[173],"than":[174],"40%":[175],"average,":[177],"mere":[180],"5":[181],"6%,":[183],"compared":[184],"highly":[186],"optimized":[187],"binaries.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}