{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1594323237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2535838.2535859","title":"Bridging boolean and quantitative synthesis using smoothed proof search","display_name":"Bridging boolean and quantitative synthesis using smoothed proof search","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1594323237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2535838.2535859","mag":"1594323237"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2535838.2535859","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2535838.2535859","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 41st ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2578855.2535859?download=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057341982","display_name":"Swarat Chaudhuri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6859-1391"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74775410","display_name":"Rice University","ror":"https://ror.org/008zs3103","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Swarat Chaudhuri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rice University, Houston, TX, USA","Rice university, Houston, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rice University, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rice university, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083571590","display_name":"Martin Clochard","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I277688954","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjwb503","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144804","display_name":"Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique","ror":"https://ror.org/04e3ktk27","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102197404","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I4210144804","https://openalex.org/I4210159245"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102197404","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Sud","ror":"https://ror.org/028rypz17","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102197404"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Clochard","raw_affiliation_strings":["ENS Paris and Universit\u00e9 Paris-Sud (LRI and Inria Saclay), Paris, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ENS Paris and Universit\u00e9 Paris-Sud (LRI and Inria Saclay), Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I102197404","https://openalex.org/I4210144804"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010786661","display_name":"Armando Solar-Lezama","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7604-8252"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Armando Solar-Lezama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057341982"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7311,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70214805,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"49","issue":"1","first_page":"207","last_page":"220"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.678462564945221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.6102713346481323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-synthesis","display_name":"Program synthesis","score":0.6031084656715393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sketch","display_name":"Sketch","score":0.5549774169921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridging","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","score":0.5403367280960083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoothing","display_name":"Smoothing","score":0.5392725467681885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boolean-function","display_name":"Boolean function","score":0.5336649417877197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.49486154317855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boolean-circuit","display_name":"Boolean circuit","score":0.47976216673851013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.4534091055393219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boolean-expression","display_name":"Boolean expression","score":0.4515421390533447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3935718834400177}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.678462564945221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.6102713346481323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776937632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117718","display_name":"Program synthesis","level":2,"score":0.6031084656715393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779231336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7534724","display_name":"Sketch","level":2,"score":0.5549774169921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.5403367280960083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3770464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775963","display_name":"Smoothing","level":2,"score":0.5392725467681885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187455244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q942353","display_name":"Boolean function","level":2,"score":0.5336649417877197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.49486154317855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141796577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837479","display_name":"Boolean circuit","level":3,"score":0.47976216673851013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.4534091055393219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158465420","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1979515","display_name":"Boolean expression","level":3,"score":0.4515421390533447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3935718834400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2535838.2535859","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2535838.2535859","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 41st ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1145/2578855.2535859","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2578855.2535859","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2578855.2535859?download=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148324379","display_name":"ACM SIGPLAN Notices","issn_l":"0362-1340","issn":["0362-1340","1558-1160"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM SIGPLAN Notices","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-00920955v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://inria.hal.science/hal-00920955","pdf_url":"https://inria.hal.science/hal-00920955/document","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"POPL - 41st ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages, Jan 2014, San Diego, United States","raw_type":"Conference papers"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.677.6900","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.677.6900","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.rice.edu/%7Esc40/pubs/popl14-smooth.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/90848","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90848","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Other univ. web domain","raw_type":"http://purl.org/eprint/type/ConferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2578855.2535859","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2578855.2535859","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2578855.2535859?download=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148324379","display_name":"ACM SIGPLAN Notices","issn_l":"0362-1340","issn":["0362-1340","1558-1160"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM SIGPLAN Notices","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5270280392","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1162076","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1594323237.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1594323237.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W88990729","https://openalex.org/W1490985464","https://openalex.org/W1527924265","https://openalex.org/W1594323237","https://openalex.org/W1668919413","https://openalex.org/W1786377004","https://openalex.org/W1839854015","https://openalex.org/W1971824836","https://openalex.org/W2010298731","https://openalex.org/W2070041685","https://openalex.org/W2101432564","https://openalex.org/W2108776051","https://openalex.org/W2122735631","https://openalex.org/W2128076627","https://openalex.org/W2135449972","https://openalex.org/W2147760702","https://openalex.org/W2155049725","https://openalex.org/W2156958982","https://openalex.org/W2160985005","https://openalex.org/W2170694982","https://openalex.org/W2280703106","https://openalex.org/W2295283246","https://openalex.org/W2610777504","https://openalex.org/W3168224710","https://openalex.org/W6637931962","https://openalex.org/W6685155065"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2026775511","https://openalex.org/W2020080707","https://openalex.org/W1777846110","https://openalex.org/W60276166","https://openalex.org/W138860969","https://openalex.org/W2550550433","https://openalex.org/W2148856926","https://openalex.org/W1791348790","https://openalex.org/W2308589676","https://openalex.org/W2574822342","https://openalex.org/W2026290247","https://openalex.org/W3186139944","https://openalex.org/W1503248989","https://openalex.org/W3098470360","https://openalex.org/W2795506272","https://openalex.org/W1421638684","https://openalex.org/W1497670448","https://openalex.org/W127988113","https://openalex.org/W2951927232","https://openalex.org/W2394648225"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,174],"present":[1,175],"a":[2,19,22,30,54,68,73,100,147,162,169,176],"new":[3,148],"technique":[4,17],"for":[5,44,152],"parameter":[6,119],"synthesis":[7,181,214],"under":[8],"boolean":[9,129,211],"and":[10,29,66,80,124,183,212],"quantitative":[11,213],"objectives.":[12],"The":[13,37,142,194],"input":[14],"to":[15,40,77,86,99,126,168],"the":[16,34,45,49,60,82,128,132,140,190,197,210],"is":[18,39,84,159,165],"\"sketch\"":[20],"---":[21,28,90,95],"program":[23,51,61,79,153],"with":[24],"missing":[25],"numerical":[26],"parameters":[27,46],"probabilistic":[31],"assumption":[32],"about":[33],"program's":[35],"inputs.":[36],"goal":[38],"automatically":[41],"synthesize":[42],"values":[43,120,136],"such":[47],"that":[48,59,107,121,137,164,206],"resulting":[50],"satisfies:":[52],"(1)":[53],"{boolean":[55],"specification},":[56,70],"which":[57,71,81],"states":[58],"must":[62],"meet":[63,139,209],"certain":[64],"assertions,":[65],"(2)":[67],"{quantitative":[69],"assigns":[72],"real":[74],"valued":[75],"rating":[76],"every":[78],"synthesizer":[83],"expected":[85],"optimize.":[87],"Our":[88],"method":[89],"called":[91],"smoothed":[92,200],"proof":[93,201],"search":[94,202],"reduces":[96],"this":[97],"task":[98],"sequence":[101],"of":[102,150,179,199],"unconstrained":[103],"smooth":[104],"optimization":[105],"problems":[106],"are":[108,144],"then":[109],"solved":[110],"numerically.":[111],"By":[112],"iteratively":[113],"solving":[114],"these":[115],"problems,":[116],"we":[117,134],"obtain":[118,135],"get":[122],"closer":[123,125],"meeting":[127],"specification;":[130],"at":[131],"limit,":[133],"provably":[138],"specification.":[141],"approximations":[143],"computed":[145],"using":[146],"notion":[149],"smoothing":[151],"abstractions,":[154],"where":[155],"an":[156,204],"abstract":[157,172],"transformer":[158],"approximated":[160],"by":[161],"function":[163],"continuous":[166],"according":[167],"metric":[170],"over":[171,203],"states.":[173],"prototype":[177],"implementation":[178],"our":[180],"procedure,":[182],"experimental":[184],"results":[185],"on":[186],"two":[187],"benchmarks":[188],"from":[189],"embedded":[191],"control":[192],"domain.":[193],"experiments":[195],"demonstrate":[196],"benefits":[198],"approach":[205],"does":[207],"not":[208],"goals":[215],"simultaneously.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}