{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2038327694","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2533687","title":"A practical algorithm for rendering interreflections with all-frequency BRDFs","display_name":"A practical algorithm for rendering interreflections with all-frequency BRDFs","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2038327694","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2533687","mag":"2038327694"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2533687","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2533687","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029335824","display_name":"Kun Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2671-4170"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kun Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing","[Tsinghua University, Beijing]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Tsinghua University, Beijing]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091525681","display_name":"Yan\u2010Pei Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0416-4374"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan-Pei Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing","[Tsinghua University, Beijing]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Tsinghua University, Beijing]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027446640","display_name":"Liqian Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0814-9876"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li-Qian Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing","[Tsinghua University, Beijing]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Tsinghua University, Beijing]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100366131","display_name":"Zhao Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9026-6886"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhao Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University, Ithaca, NY","Cornell University (Ithaca, NY);"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University, Ithaca, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University (Ithaca, NY);","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100431417","display_name":"Rui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4267-0347"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037233582","display_name":"Shi\u2010Min Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7507-6542"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shi-Min Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing","[Tsinghua University, Beijing]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Tsinghua University, Beijing]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029335824"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.2876,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98700399,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.8520185947418213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7490549087524414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-illumination","display_name":"Global illumination","score":0.6770212650299072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5175513625144958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/piecewise","display_name":"Piecewise","score":0.5122360587120056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5064932107925415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-dynamic-range","display_name":"High dynamic range","score":0.47441715002059937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ray-tracing","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","score":0.4730110466480255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.4573684334754944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4548119604587555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounded-function","display_name":"Bounded function","score":0.4441317617893219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.42300665378570557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-rendering","display_name":"3D rendering","score":0.4193337559700012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame-rate","display_name":"Frame rate","score":0.4141019880771637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22753235697746277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-range","display_name":"Dynamic range","score":0.14175543189048767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.07815167307853699}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.8520185947418213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7490549087524414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89720835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1531701","display_name":"Global illumination","level":3,"score":0.6770212650299072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5175513625144958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164660894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2037833","display_name":"Piecewise","level":2,"score":0.5122360587120056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5064932107925415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780056265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106239881","display_name":"High dynamic range","level":3,"score":0.47441715002059937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121483023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7298343","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4730110466480255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.4573684334754944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4548119604587555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34388435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267362","display_name":"Bounded function","level":2,"score":0.4441317617893219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.42300665378570557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36816356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16911860","display_name":"3D rendering","level":3,"score":0.4193337559700012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3261483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q119565","display_name":"Frame rate","level":2,"score":0.4141019880771637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22753235697746277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87133666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161699","display_name":"Dynamic range","level":2,"score":0.14175543189048767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.07815167307853699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2533687","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2533687","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321540","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/027s68j25"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322392","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337387","display_name":"Division of Computing and Communication Foundations","ror":"https://ror.org/01mng8331"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1520834210","https://openalex.org/W1535835519","https://openalex.org/W1963765214","https://openalex.org/W1965748115","https://openalex.org/W1966701964","https://openalex.org/W1974568352","https://openalex.org/W1986743298","https://openalex.org/W1991686106","https://openalex.org/W2002407002","https://openalex.org/W2008870867","https://openalex.org/W2010811529","https://openalex.org/W2011619287","https://openalex.org/W2015211965","https://openalex.org/W2018754550","https://openalex.org/W2022552637","https://openalex.org/W2023758054","https://openalex.org/W2024913359","https://openalex.org/W2027509884","https://openalex.org/W2029704386","https://openalex.org/W2030459990","https://openalex.org/W2031009002","https://openalex.org/W2035653341","https://openalex.org/W2036750154","https://openalex.org/W2038630728","https://openalex.org/W2040284954","https://openalex.org/W2040510994","https://openalex.org/W2045016651","https://openalex.org/W2050513283","https://openalex.org/W2051317734","https://openalex.org/W2058018255","https://openalex.org/W2058678953","https://openalex.org/W2060995201","https://openalex.org/W2066334759","https://openalex.org/W2070017561","https://openalex.org/W2087006022","https://openalex.org/W2088770626","https://openalex.org/W2091019609","https://openalex.org/W2092835217","https://openalex.org/W2094141075","https://openalex.org/W2100144083","https://openalex.org/W2109879161","https://openalex.org/W2112146509","https://openalex.org/W2117826277","https://openalex.org/W2122132690","https://openalex.org/W2134789004","https://openalex.org/W2135483992","https://openalex.org/W2138624212","https://openalex.org/W2139046107","https://openalex.org/W2143706945","https://openalex.org/W2146556997","https://openalex.org/W2151984808","https://openalex.org/W2159371275","https://openalex.org/W2164369380","https://openalex.org/W2165608046","https://openalex.org/W2169907666","https://openalex.org/W2294159033","https://openalex.org/W2296619671","https://openalex.org/W2760911295","https://openalex.org/W2912424718","https://openalex.org/W2998555201","https://openalex.org/W3000472182","https://openalex.org/W3003818647","https://openalex.org/W3136243606","https://openalex.org/W3137288588","https://openalex.org/W3137290831","https://openalex.org/W3137315501","https://openalex.org/W4240867492","https://openalex.org/W4240928498","https://openalex.org/W4245933748","https://openalex.org/W4255747408","https://openalex.org/W4299608135"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4232510094","https://openalex.org/W1515610191","https://openalex.org/W2367434614","https://openalex.org/W2001335636","https://openalex.org/W4308974340","https://openalex.org/W2103057025","https://openalex.org/W2324620146","https://openalex.org/W1980536927","https://openalex.org/W134319732","https://openalex.org/W2147311140"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Algorithms":[0],"for":[1,31,39,49,63,129,175],"rendering":[2,64,163],"interreflection":[3,65,90,101],"(or":[4],"indirect":[5],"illumination)":[6],"effects":[7,66],"often":[8],"make":[9],"assumptions":[10],"about":[11],"the":[12,16,45,79,89,156,160],"frequency":[13],"range":[14,132],"of":[15,78,88,133],"materials'":[17],"reflectance":[18],"properties.":[19],"For":[20],"example,":[21],"methods":[22,50],"based":[23,51,81],"on":[24,52,82,159],"Virtual":[25],"Point":[26],"Lights":[27],"(VPLs)":[28],"perform":[29],"well":[30],"diffuse":[32],"and":[33],"semi-glossy":[34],"materials":[35],"but":[36],"not":[37],"so":[38],"highly":[40],"glossy":[41],"or":[42],"specular":[43],"materials;":[44],"situation":[46],"is":[47,92,127],"reversed":[48],"ray":[53],"tracing.":[54],"In":[55],"this":[56,125],"article,":[57],"we":[58,153],"present":[59,157],"a":[60,74,84,103,106,116,130,138,170],"practical":[61],"algorithm":[62,158],"with":[67,115,149,178],"all-frequency":[68],"BRDFs.":[69,134],"Our":[70],"method":[71,126,141],"builds":[72],"upon":[73],"spherical":[75],"Gaussian":[76],"representation":[77],"BRDF,":[80],"which":[83],"novel":[85],"mathematical":[86],"development":[87],"equation":[91],"made.":[93],"This":[94],"allows":[95],"us":[96],"to":[97,105,142,169],"efficiently":[98],"compute":[99],"one-bounce":[100],"from":[102,166],"triangle":[104],"shading":[107],"point,":[108],"by":[109],"using":[110],"an":[111],"analytic":[112],"formula":[113],"combined":[114],"piecewise":[117],"linear":[118],"approximation.":[119],"We":[120,135],"show":[121],"through":[122],"evaluation":[123],"that":[124],"accurate":[128],"wide":[131],"further":[136],"introduce":[137],"hierarchical":[139],"integration":[140],"handle":[143],"complex":[144],"scenes":[145,177],"(i.e.,":[146],"many":[147],"triangles)":[148],"bounded":[150],"errors.":[151],"Finally,":[152],"have":[154],"implemented":[155],"GPU,":[161],"achieving":[162],"performance":[164],"ranging":[165],"near":[167],"interactive":[168],"few":[171],"seconds":[172],"per":[173],"frame":[174],"various":[176],"different":[179],"complexity.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
