{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2028264492","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2533685","title":"Key factors for adopting inner source","display_name":"Key factors for adopting inner source","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2028264492","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2533685","mag":"2028264492"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2533685","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2533685","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053754637","display_name":"Klaas-Jan Stol","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1038-5050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I230495080","display_name":"University of Limerick","ror":"https://ror.org/00a0n9e72","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Klaas-Jan Stol","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lero, University of Limerick","Lero--University of Limerick"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lero, University of Limerick","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lero--University of Limerick","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083888080","display_name":"Paris Avgeriou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7101-0754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","display_name":"University of Groningen","ror":"https://ror.org/012p63287","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paris Avgeriou","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Groningen","university of Groningen"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Groningen","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"university of Groningen","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103075476","display_name":"Muhammad Ali Babar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9696-3626"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"The University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Ali Babar","raw_affiliation_strings":["IT University of Adelaide","IT University of Adelaide#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IT University of Adelaide","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IT University of Adelaide#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013119704","display_name":"Yan Lucas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116582","display_name":"Quadient (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/01p5m7j86","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116582","https://openalex.org/I4210124977"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Lucas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neopost Technologies"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neopost Technologies","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116582"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085910237","display_name":"Brian Fitzgerald","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9193-2863"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I230495080","display_name":"University of Limerick","ror":"https://ror.org/00a0n9e72","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian Fitzgerald","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lero, University of Limerick","Lero--University of Limerick"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lero, University of Limerick","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lero--University of Limerick","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.6815,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":67,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98530836,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"35"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11675","display_name":"Open Source Software Innovations","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11675","display_name":"Open Source Software Innovations","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7271970510482788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-source","display_name":"Open source","score":0.6484000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5718233585357666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.5175687670707703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-source-software","display_name":"Open source software","score":0.5053451657295227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5033289790153503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.37928611040115356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.3790138065814972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-management","display_name":"Process management","score":0.3325658440589905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12495532631874084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.10451909899711609}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7271970510482788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018397939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3644502","display_name":"Open source","level":3,"score":0.6484000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5718233585357666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.5175687670707703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988343187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130645","display_name":"Open source software","level":3,"score":0.5053451657295227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5033289790153503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.37928611040115356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3790138065814972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.3325658440589905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12495532631874084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.10451909899711609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2533685","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2533685","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142627899","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","issn_l":"1049-331X","issn":["1049-331X","1557-7392"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.rug.nl:openaire_cris_publications/50f0b658-9dbe-48c0-a799-6fa196304ac3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/50f0b658-9dbe-48c0-a799-6fa196304ac3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400420","display_name":"University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","host_organization_name":"University of Groningen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Stol, K-J, Avgeriou, P, Babar, M A, Lucas, Y & Fitzgerald, B 2014, Key factors for adopting inner source. in ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology. ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology, vol. 23, ACM Press, pp. 1-35. https://doi.org/10.1145/2533685","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ulir.ul.ie:10344/3897","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10344/3897","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401530","display_name":"University of Limerick Institutional Repository (University of Limerick)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I230495080","host_organization_name":"University of Limerick","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I230495080"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.721.4011","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.721.4011","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.rug.nl/%7Eparis/papers/TOSEM14.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digital.library.adelaide.edu.au:2440/90460","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2440/90460","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401835","display_name":"Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","host_organization_name":"The University of Adelaide","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2533685","raw_type":"Journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.rug.nl:publications/50f0b658-9dbe-48c0-a799-6fa196304ac3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11370/50f0b658-9dbe-48c0-a799-6fa196304ac3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400420","display_name":"University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169381384","host_organization_name":"University of Groningen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169381384"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Stol, K-J, Avgeriou, P, Babar, M A, Lucas, Y & Fitzgerald, B 2014, Key factors for adopting inner source. in ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology. ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology, vol. 23, ACM Press, pp. 1-35. https://doi.org/10.1145/2533685","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5357995293","display_name":"CSET LERO: The Irish Software Engineering Research Centre - 2nd Term funding","funder_award_id":"10/CE/i1855","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","funder_display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland","ror":"https://ror.org/0271asj38"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320945","display_name":"K\u00f8benhavns Universitet","ror":"https://ror.org/035b05819"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":91,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W53208072","https://openalex.org/W65326649","https://openalex.org/W66308240","https://openalex.org/W69039741","https://openalex.org/W102054720","https://openalex.org/W108797962","https://openalex.org/W113168540","https://openalex.org/W122154057","https://openalex.org/W129083902","https://openalex.org/W195856792","https://openalex.org/W285857824","https://openalex.org/W977451641","https://openalex.org/W1481078745","https://openalex.org/W1505316740","https://openalex.org/W1505962635","https://openalex.org/W1508055464","https://openalex.org/W1510316655","https://openalex.org/W1527311855","https://openalex.org/W1535213440","https://openalex.org/W1547243423","https://openalex.org/W1548216132","https://openalex.org/W1575714269","https://openalex.org/W1586291495","https://openalex.org/W1595108726","https://openalex.org/W1602304209","https://openalex.org/W1833911422","https://openalex.org/W1966430927","https://openalex.org/W1969939902","https://openalex.org/W1972595693","https://openalex.org/W1974309349","https://openalex.org/W1979398711","https://openalex.org/W1995509062","https://openalex.org/W1996026009","https://openalex.org/W1998773682","https://openalex.org/W2007423858","https://openalex.org/W2012138753","https://openalex.org/W2015406274","https://openalex.org/W2026046735","https://openalex.org/W2036487649","https://openalex.org/W2041838769","https://openalex.org/W2041912250","https://openalex.org/W2045016560","https://openalex.org/W2048926275","https://openalex.org/W2056795153","https://openalex.org/W2058335615","https://openalex.org/W2078097812","https://openalex.org/W2080724030","https://openalex.org/W2081588357","https://openalex.org/W2081851871","https://openalex.org/W2095152777","https://openalex.org/W2095264579","https://openalex.org/W2100869773","https://openalex.org/W2104577574","https://openalex.org/W2105020735","https://openalex.org/W2106813800","https://openalex.org/W2107294940","https://openalex.org/W2107574641","https://openalex.org/W2111239744","https://openalex.org/W2115033034","https://openalex.org/W2116805092","https://openalex.org/W2118169960","https://openalex.org/W2119370802","https://openalex.org/W2120194367","https://openalex.org/W2120787072","https://openalex.org/W2120972908","https://openalex.org/W2123586642","https://openalex.org/W2131259125","https://openalex.org/W2131270544","https://openalex.org/W2131353092","https://openalex.org/W2133561941","https://openalex.org/W2134119432","https://openalex.org/W2150374398","https://openalex.org/W2156011279","https://openalex.org/W2161664815","https://openalex.org/W2167873885","https://openalex.org/W2172104240","https://openalex.org/W2186667666","https://openalex.org/W2284559005","https://openalex.org/W2313490917","https://openalex.org/W2404083195","https://openalex.org/W2407531013","https://openalex.org/W2494084009","https://openalex.org/W2587468166","https://openalex.org/W2601354821","https://openalex.org/W2900509361","https://openalex.org/W3005800746","https://openalex.org/W3018965553","https://openalex.org/W3122321263","https://openalex.org/W3192160949","https://openalex.org/W4212778472","https://openalex.org/W4238952785"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2380034771","https://openalex.org/W3043142516","https://openalex.org/W2072383593","https://openalex.org/W3008637847","https://openalex.org/W2161133922","https://openalex.org/W2088483605","https://openalex.org/W2153782866","https://openalex.org/W3011348691","https://openalex.org/W1579983265","https://openalex.org/W4361274765"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"number":[1],"of":[2,32,47,113],"organizations":[3,41,140],"have":[4,142],"adopted":[5,144],"Open":[6],"Source":[7,27,34,50,118,146],"Software":[8],"(OSS)":[9],"development":[10,18,57],"practices":[11],"to":[12,24,55,83,99,109,150],"support":[13],"or":[14,115,147],"augment":[15],"their":[16],"software":[17,56],"processes,":[19],"a":[20,37,67,96],"phenomenon":[21],"frequently":[22],"referred":[23],"as":[25,95,108],"Inner":[26,33,49,74,88,117,145],".":[28],"However":[29],"the":[30,45,61,71,123,155],"adoption":[31],"is":[35,51,119],"not":[36,116],"straightforward":[38],"issue.":[39],"Many":[40],"are":[42,137],"struggling":[43],"with":[44],"question":[46],"whether":[48,114],"an":[52,101,111],"appropriate":[53],"approach":[54],"for":[58,164],"them":[59],"in":[60,125,158],"first":[62],"place.":[63],"This":[64],"article":[65],"presents":[66],"framework":[68,91,124],"derived":[69],"from":[70],"literature":[72],"on":[73,103,154],"Source,":[75],"which":[76,136],"identifies":[77],"nine":[78,105],"important":[79],"factors":[80,106],"that":[81,141],"need":[82],"be":[84,93],"considered":[85],"when":[86],"implementing":[87],"Source.":[89],"The":[90],"can":[92],"used":[94],"probing":[97],"instrument":[98],"assess":[100],"organization":[102],"these":[104],"so":[107],"gain":[110],"understanding":[112],"suitable.":[120],"We":[121],"applied":[122],"three":[126],"case":[127],"studies":[128],"at":[129],"Philips":[130],"Healthcare,":[131],"Neopost":[132],"Technologies,":[133],"and":[134],"Rolls-Royce,":[135],"all":[138],"large":[139],"either":[143],"were":[148],"planning":[149],"do":[151],"so.":[152],"Based":[153],"results":[156],"presented":[157],"this":[159],"article,":[160],"we":[161],"outline":[162],"directions":[163],"future":[165],"research.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}