{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2131566950","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2523649.2523651","title":"Pitfalls in the automated strengthening of passwords","display_name":"Pitfalls in the automated strengthening of passwords","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-12-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2131566950","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2523649.2523651","mag":"2131566950"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2523649.2523651","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2523649.2523651","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 29th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061946242","display_name":"D. A. Schmidt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0858-6926"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David Schmidt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pennsylvania State University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pennsylvania State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055045569","display_name":"Trent Jaeger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4964-1170"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Trent Jaeger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pennsylvania State University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pennsylvania State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061946242"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8089,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83350728,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"129","last_page":"138"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9850000143051147,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password","display_name":"Password","score":0.9656563997268677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.746637225151062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6159545183181763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversary","display_name":"Adversary","score":0.6091936230659485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password-cracking","display_name":"Password cracking","score":0.5699330568313599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-password","display_name":"Cognitive password","score":0.5654881000518799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password-strength","display_name":"Password strength","score":0.536604106426239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5288138389587402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dictionary-attack","display_name":"Dictionary attack","score":0.5269787311553955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limiting","display_name":"Limiting","score":0.5207176804542542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password-policy","display_name":"Password policy","score":0.5153031349182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/one-time-password","display_name":"One-time password","score":0.24522605538368225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11466434597969055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109297577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161157","display_name":"Password","level":2,"score":0.9656563997268677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.746637225151062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6159545183181763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.6091936230659485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3847113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2746524","display_name":"Password cracking","level":5,"score":0.5699330568313599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23875713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141232","display_name":"Cognitive password","level":5,"score":0.5654881000518799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70530487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1990841","display_name":"Password strength","level":4,"score":0.536604106426239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5288138389587402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113328881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599809","display_name":"Dictionary attack","level":3,"score":0.5269787311553955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.5207176804542542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98705547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3394687","display_name":"Password policy","level":4,"score":0.5153031349182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89479133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137840","display_name":"One-time password","level":3,"score":0.24522605538368225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11466434597969055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2523649.2523651","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2523649.2523651","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 29th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W143386018","https://openalex.org/W167157979","https://openalex.org/W1566273181","https://openalex.org/W1600402038","https://openalex.org/W1982158666","https://openalex.org/W1987516957","https://openalex.org/W1993263140","https://openalex.org/W2030112111","https://openalex.org/W2037202491","https://openalex.org/W2038368865","https://openalex.org/W2048755632","https://openalex.org/W2054626033","https://openalex.org/W2059883195","https://openalex.org/W2064327548","https://openalex.org/W2086553822","https://openalex.org/W2097267243","https://openalex.org/W2100783932","https://openalex.org/W2103944192","https://openalex.org/W2109744978","https://openalex.org/W2113266120","https://openalex.org/W2135359429","https://openalex.org/W2135452787","https://openalex.org/W2149929743","https://openalex.org/W2150341374","https://openalex.org/W2168164069","https://openalex.org/W2171920515","https://openalex.org/W2398125330"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982158666","https://openalex.org/W3131491961","https://openalex.org/W4239831152","https://openalex.org/W4319158737","https://openalex.org/W2563449137","https://openalex.org/W2097945858","https://openalex.org/W2159224061","https://openalex.org/W3174201280","https://openalex.org/W4321600778","https://openalex.org/W2804831377"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Passwords":[0],"are":[1,16,34,142],"the":[2,51,56,120,137,148,151,161,165,170,187,213],"most":[3],"common":[4],"form":[5,52],"of":[6,40,53,61,172,178,192],"authentication":[7],"for":[8,24,55],"computer":[9],"systems,":[10],"and":[11,19,59,180,190],"with":[12,107,164],"good":[13],"reason:":[14],"they":[15],"simple,":[17],"intuitive":[18],"require":[20],"no":[21],"extra":[22],"device":[23],"their":[25],"use.":[26,65],"Unfortunately,":[27],"users":[28,42],"often":[29,49],"choose":[30],"weak":[31,202],"passwords":[32,45,132,174,189,197],"that":[33,86,98,131,133,212],"easy":[35],"to":[36,64,76,103,113,145],"guess.":[37],"Various":[38],"methods":[39],"helping":[41],"select":[43],"strong":[44],"have":[46,83,96],"been":[47,84],"deployed,":[48],"in":[50,74],"requirements":[54],"minimum":[57],"length":[58],"number":[60],"character":[62],"classes":[63],"Alternatively,":[66],"a":[67,71,88,176,183,200,208],"site":[68],"could":[69],"modify":[70],"user's":[72],"password":[73,90,105,204],"order":[75],"make":[77],"it":[78,99],"more":[79],"secure;":[80],"strengthening":[81,152,160,215],"algorithms":[82,141,216],"proposed":[85,214],"extend/modify":[87],"user-supplied":[89],"until":[91],"achieving":[92],"sufficient":[93],"strength.":[94],"Researchers":[95],"suggested":[97],"may":[100],"be":[101],"possible":[102,193],"balance":[104],"strength":[106,123],"memorability":[108],"by":[109,159,175,182],"limiting":[110],"automated":[111],"changes":[112],"one":[114],"or":[115],"two":[116,156],"characters":[117],"while":[118],"evaluating":[119],"generated":[121],"passwords'":[122],"against":[124,136],"known":[125,139,166],"cracking":[126,140],"algorithms.":[127],"This":[128],"paper":[129],"shows":[130],"were":[134],"strengthened":[135],"best":[138],"still":[143],"susceptible":[144],"attack,":[146],"provided":[147],"adversary":[149],"knows":[150],"algorithm.":[153],"We":[154],"propose":[155],"attacks:":[157],"(1)":[158],"data":[162],"sets":[163],"algorithm,":[167],"which":[168],"increases":[169],"percentage":[171],"recovered":[173],"factor":[177],"2-5,":[179],"(2)":[181],"brute-force":[184],"attack":[185],"on":[186],"initial":[188,203],"space":[191],"changes,":[194],"recovering":[195],"all":[196],"produced":[198],"when":[199],"sufficiently":[201],"was":[205],"suggested.":[206],"As":[207],"result,":[209],"we":[210],"find":[211],"do":[217],"not":[218],"yet":[219],"satisfy":[220],"Kerckhoffs's":[221],"principle.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
