{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2161863441","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2517899.2517926","title":"TV white spaces, I presume?","display_name":"TV white spaces, I presume?","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-12-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2161863441","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2517899.2517926","mag":"2161863441"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2517899.2517926","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2517899.2517926","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Information and Communications Technologies and Development: Notes - Volume 2","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070111950","display_name":"Marco Zennaro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0578-0830"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12323705","display_name":"The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP)","ror":"https://ror.org/009gyvm78","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12323705","https://openalex.org/I1286959531","https://openalex.org/I1293226324","https://openalex.org/I2801247003"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marco Zennaro","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics Trieste, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics Trieste, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12323705"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077197824","display_name":"Ermanno Pietros\u00e9moli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7083-5319"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12323705","display_name":"The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP)","ror":"https://ror.org/009gyvm78","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12323705","https://openalex.org/I1286959531","https://openalex.org/I1293226324","https://openalex.org/I2801247003"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ermanno Pietrosemoli","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics Trieste, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics Trieste, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12323705"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082930321","display_name":"Andr\u00e9s Arcia-Moret","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12323705","display_name":"The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP)","ror":"https://ror.org/009gyvm78","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12323705","https://openalex.org/I1286959531","https://openalex.org/I1293226324","https://openalex.org/I2801247003"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andr\u00e9s Arcia-Moret","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics Trieste, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics Trieste, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12323705"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021621544","display_name":"Chomora Mikeka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0163-8412"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157591606","display_name":"University of Malawi","ror":"https://ror.org/04vtx5s55","country_code":"MW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157591606"]}],"countries":["MW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chomora Mikeka","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Malawi, Zomba, Malawi"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Malawi, Zomba, Malawi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157591606"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018285067","display_name":"Jonathan Pinifolo","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Pinifolo","raw_affiliation_strings":["MACRA, Malawi Communications, Blantyre, Malawi"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MACRA, Malawi Communications, Blantyre, Malawi","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102985940","display_name":"Chris Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3898-3690"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["FreakLabs and Tokyo Hackerspace, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FreakLabs and Tokyo Hackerspace, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008476131","display_name":"Steve Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181233156","display_name":"University of Oregon","ror":"https://ror.org/0293rh119","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181233156"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steve Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oregon, Eugene"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oregon, Eugene","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181233156"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070111950"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12323705"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0874,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81866114,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"175","last_page":"178"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-spaces","display_name":"White spaces","score":0.9765670299530029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultra-high-frequency","display_name":"Ultra high frequency","score":0.7923566102981567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.6313939094543457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5760830044746399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-technology","display_name":"Access technology","score":0.5482001900672913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5440511107444763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-access","display_name":"Internet access","score":0.5012567043304443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white","display_name":"White (mutation)","score":0.4576226472854614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3584936261177063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.31253740191459656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.21481558680534363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.17263993620872498}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96391052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256313","display_name":"White spaces","level":4,"score":0.9765670299530029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96122199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628096","display_name":"Ultra high frequency","level":2,"score":0.7923566102981567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.6313939094543457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5760830044746399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983646967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q688498","display_name":"Access technology","level":3,"score":0.5482001900672913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5440511107444763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83849155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1472399","display_name":"Internet access","level":3,"score":0.5012567043304443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56273599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3122841","display_name":"White (mutation)","level":3,"score":0.4576226472854614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3584936261177063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.31253740191459656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.21481558680534363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.17263993620872498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2517899.2517926","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2517899.2517926","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Information and Communications Technologies and Development: Notes - Volume 2","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.550000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1988869880","https://openalex.org/W2053540085","https://openalex.org/W4241956232"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2130939821","https://openalex.org/W2065792381","https://openalex.org/W88773426","https://openalex.org/W1818630290","https://openalex.org/W2301908925","https://openalex.org/W1966149306","https://openalex.org/W2789911319","https://openalex.org/W3210590859","https://openalex.org/W1832954512","https://openalex.org/W2161863441"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"TV":[0],"White":[1],"Spaces":[2],"(TVWS)":[3],"technology":[4,33],"and":[5,15,50,69,92,104],"regulation":[6],"has":[7],"the":[8,82,106,121],"potential":[9],"to":[10,39,73,119],"make":[11,34],"connectivity":[12],"both":[13,60],"technically":[14],"economically":[16],"feasible":[17],"in":[18,48,61,66,90],"rural":[19,67],"Africa":[20],"where":[21],"affordable":[22],"access":[23],"remains":[24],"a":[25,85,109],"challenge.":[26],"The":[27,113],"superior":[28],"propagation":[29],"characteristics":[30],"of":[31,84,123,128],"TVWS":[32,86],"it":[35],"particularly":[36],"well":[37,64],"suited":[38],"connecting":[40],"remote":[41],"communities.":[42],"Evidence":[43],"collected":[44],"from":[45],"our":[46],"measurements":[47,103],"Malawi":[49,91],"Zambia":[51],"suggest":[52],"that":[53,100],"most":[54],"UHF":[55],"spectrum":[56,87,102,124],"is":[57],"already":[58],"available":[59],"urban":[62],"as":[63,65],"areas":[68],"could":[70],"be":[71,117],"used":[72,118],"provide":[74],"Internet":[75],"connectivity.":[76],"In":[77],"this":[78],"paper":[79],"we":[80],"present":[81],"findings":[83],"measurement":[88],"initiative":[89],"Zambia.":[93],"We":[94],"introduce":[95],"an":[96],"open":[97],"hardware":[98],"device":[99,114],"geo-tags":[101],"saves":[105],"results":[107],"on":[108],"micro":[110],"SD":[111],"card.":[112],"can":[115],"also":[116],"record":[120],"use":[122],"over":[125],"long":[126],"periods":[127],"time.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}