{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2092784335","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2514601.2514631","title":"Vicarious reinforcement and ex ante law enforcement","display_name":"Vicarious reinforcement and ex ante law enforcement","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-06-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2092784335","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2514601.2514631","mag":"2092784335"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2514601.2514631","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2514601.2514631","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084811385","display_name":"R\u00e9gis Riveret","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4736-9214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R\u00e9gis Riveret","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imperial College, London, UK","Imperial College , London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College , London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081610110","display_name":"Giuseppe Contissa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8511-1505"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I874792244","display_name":"European University Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0031wrj91","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I874792244"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppe Contissa","raw_affiliation_strings":["EUI, Florence, Italy","Eui, Florence, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EUI, Florence, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I874792244"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eui, Florence, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I874792244"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061078725","display_name":"D\u00eddac Busquets","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1381-0673"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D\u00eddac Busquets","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imperial College, London, UK","Imperial College , London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College , London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047729346","display_name":"Antonino Rotolo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5265-0660"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonino Rotolo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy","University of Bologna , Bologna, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bologna , Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068240751","display_name":"Jeremy Pitt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4312-8904"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeremy Pitt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imperial College, London, UK","Imperial College , London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College , London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084837357","display_name":"Giovanni Sartor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2210-0398"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I874792244","display_name":"European University Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/0031wrj91","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I874792244"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giovanni Sartor","raw_affiliation_strings":["EUI, Florence, Italy","Eui, Florence, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EUI, Florence, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I874792244"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eui, Florence, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I874792244"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084811385"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5826,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77556707,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"222","last_page":"226"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10646","display_name":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10646","display_name":"Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11182","display_name":"Auction Theory and Applications","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11252","display_name":"Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8732790350914001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.6973656415939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/argumentation-theory","display_name":"Argumentation theory","score":0.6904037594795227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ex-ante","display_name":"Ex-ante","score":0.6534504890441895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/executable","display_name":"Executable","score":0.6380859613418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5876274704933167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.5557032227516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5374835729598999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement","display_name":"Reinforcement","score":0.4886822998523712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-argumentation","display_name":"Probabilistic argumentation","score":0.4591462314128876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/norm","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","score":0.45914575457572937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.3291705846786499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.29237765073776245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.2113330364227295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.19917652010917664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17232725024223328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.16293156147003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.13656505942344666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.11657178401947021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.0964556634426117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.09066271781921387}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8732790350914001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.6973656415939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65059942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270105","display_name":"Argumentation theory","level":2,"score":0.6904037594795227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122251271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q940039","display_name":"Ex-ante","level":2,"score":0.6534504890441895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160145156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778586","display_name":"Executable","level":2,"score":0.6380859613418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5876274704933167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5557032227516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5374835729598999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67203356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Reinforcement","level":2,"score":0.4886822998523712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128828806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7246848","display_name":"Probabilistic argumentation","level":3,"score":0.4591462314128876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191795146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3878446","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.45914575457572937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.3291705846786499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.29237765073776245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.2113330364227295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.19917652010917664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17232725024223328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.16293156147003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.13656505942344666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.11657178401947021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0964556634426117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.09066271781921387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2514601.2514631","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2514601.2514631","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cadmus.eui.eu:1814/30362","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1814/30362","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196332","display_name":"Cadmus - EUI Research Repository (European University Institute)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I874792244","host_organization_name":"European University Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I874792244"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.unibo.it:11585/266135","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11585/266135","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402579","display_name":"Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Universit\u00e0 di Bologna)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210117483","host_organization_name":"Istituto di Ematologia di Bologna","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117483"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.800000011920929}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3933225844","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PIEF-GA-2010-274057, PIEF-GA-2012-331472","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334960","funder_display_name":"Seventh Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8496931033","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SMART (FP7-287583)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334960","funder_display_name":"Seventh Framework Programme"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334960","display_name":"Seventh Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W137132485","https://openalex.org/W1515851193","https://openalex.org/W1550621568","https://openalex.org/W1645698355","https://openalex.org/W1997026163","https://openalex.org/W2063354866","https://openalex.org/W2092979865","https://openalex.org/W2128150826","https://openalex.org/W2153943092","https://openalex.org/W2189821821","https://openalex.org/W2233421590","https://openalex.org/W2238908993","https://openalex.org/W3048209079","https://openalex.org/W3124463999","https://openalex.org/W4243846760","https://openalex.org/W6635630363","https://openalex.org/W6893254818","https://openalex.org/W7010040495"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2749922657","https://openalex.org/W2786696433","https://openalex.org/W2741916207","https://openalex.org/W2625675111","https://openalex.org/W4362513464","https://openalex.org/W2810987950","https://openalex.org/W52290235","https://openalex.org/W2040467548","https://openalex.org/W3204999398","https://openalex.org/W1995263174"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,79],"propose":[1],"a":[2,19,22],"model":[3],"of":[4,13,31,77],"vicarious":[5],"reinforcement":[6,15,58],"in":[7,18,38],"rule-based":[8,42],"learning":[9,32,53],"agents.":[10],"The":[11,28],"influence":[12],"this":[14],"is":[16,24,34],"investigated":[17],"population":[20,30],"where":[21],"law":[23],"enforced":[25],"ex":[26],"ante.":[27],"norm-governed":[29],"agents":[33,61],"formalised":[35],"and":[36,51],"simulated":[37],"an":[39],"executable":[40],"probabilistic":[41],"argumentation":[43],"framework.":[44],"Vicarious":[45],"experiences":[46,68,76],"are":[47,55],"expressed":[48],"with":[49],"rules":[50],"their":[52,66],"effects":[54],"integrated":[56],"into":[57,73],"learning.":[59],"So,":[60],"learn":[62],"not":[63],"only":[64],"from":[65,85],"own":[67],"but":[69],"also":[70],"by":[71],"taking":[72],"account":[74],"the":[75],"others.":[78],"show":[80],"that":[81],"simulation":[82],"results":[83],"differ":[84],"traditional":[86],"calculus":[87],"based":[88],"on":[89],"expected":[90],"utilities.":[91]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
