{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2095519872","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2508859.2516697","title":"Tappan Zee (north) bridge","display_name":"Tappan Zee (north) bridge","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2095519872","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2508859.2516697","mag":"2095519872"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2508859.2516697","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2508859.2516697","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2013 ACM SIGSAC conference on Computer &amp; communications security - CCS '13","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060815601","display_name":"Brendan Dolan-Gavitt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8867-4282"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Brendan Dolan-Gavitt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA","Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109834810","display_name":"Tim Leek","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tim Leek","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA","MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076080298","display_name":"Josh Hodosh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Josh Hodosh","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA","MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047140382","display_name":"Wenke Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2761-1277"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenke Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA","Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060815601"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.7033,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":63,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97288275,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"839","last_page":"850"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8556989431381226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rootkit","display_name":"Rootkit","score":0.6360422968864441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.6328941583633423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.6070345640182495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keystroke-logging","display_name":"Keystroke logging","score":0.5604330897331238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4931277930736542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.47849956154823303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4593762159347534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4581316113471985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypervisor","display_name":"Hypervisor","score":0.44486573338508606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/x86","display_name":"x86","score":0.4383693337440491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4340718984603882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtualization","display_name":"Virtualization","score":0.370887815952301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.34344130754470825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.15890932083129883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1019371747970581}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8556989431381226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10144332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14645","display_name":"Rootkit","level":3,"score":0.6360422968864441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.6328941583633423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.6070345640182495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161615301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309396","display_name":"Keystroke logging","level":2,"score":0.5604330897331238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4931277930736542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.47849956154823303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4593762159347534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4581316113471985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112904061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1077480","display_name":"Hypervisor","level":4,"score":0.44486573338508606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170723468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182933","display_name":"x86","level":3,"score":0.4383693337440491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4340718984603882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513985346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270471","display_name":"Virtualization","level":3,"score":0.370887815952301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.34344130754470825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.15890932083129883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1019371747970581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2508859.2516697","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2508859.2516697","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2013 ACM SIGSAC conference on Computer &amp; communications security - CCS '13","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W179510128","https://openalex.org/W191489030","https://openalex.org/W1522250664","https://openalex.org/W1538375546","https://openalex.org/W1963581527","https://openalex.org/W1965555277","https://openalex.org/W2015903771","https://openalex.org/W2049867480","https://openalex.org/W2073459066","https://openalex.org/W2096765209","https://openalex.org/W2119251836","https://openalex.org/W2135162105","https://openalex.org/W2137530017","https://openalex.org/W2138580357","https://openalex.org/W2140839850","https://openalex.org/W2144006591","https://openalex.org/W2146950091","https://openalex.org/W2150204531","https://openalex.org/W2162986442","https://openalex.org/W2397035252","https://openalex.org/W2398729674","https://openalex.org/W2504609973","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1994712384","https://openalex.org/W2393767428","https://openalex.org/W2974258286","https://openalex.org/W4293159141","https://openalex.org/W1546317334","https://openalex.org/W1518891319","https://openalex.org/W941489959","https://openalex.org/W2065751263","https://openalex.org/W2483568499","https://openalex.org/W2765965862"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"ability":[1],"to":[2,55,74,94,107,111],"introspect":[3],"into":[4],"the":[5,70,96,122],"behavior":[6],"of":[7,92,124],"software":[8],"at":[9],"runtime":[10],"is":[11,52,79],"crucial":[12],"for":[13,76,131],"many":[14],"security-related":[15],"tasks,":[16],"such":[17,62,135],"as":[18,63,136],"virtual":[19],"machine-based":[20],"intrusion":[21],"detection":[22],"and":[23,72,104,140,155,157,162],"low-artifact":[24],"malware":[25],"analysis.":[26],"Although":[27],"some":[28],"progress":[29],"has":[30],"been":[31],"made":[32,99],"in":[33],"this":[34,86],"task":[35],"by":[36,100,127],"automatically":[37],"creating":[38],"programs":[39],"that":[40],"can":[41],"passively":[42],"retrieve":[43],"kernel-level":[44],"information,":[45],"two":[46,158],"key":[47],"challenges":[48],"remain.":[49],"First,":[50],"it":[51],"currently":[53],"difficult":[54],"extract":[56],"useful":[57,109,132],"information":[58],"from":[59],"user-level":[60],"applications,":[61],"web":[64,142],"browsers.":[65],"Second,":[66],"discovering":[67],"points":[68,130],"within":[69],"OS":[71],"applications":[73,106],"hook":[75],"active":[77,113],"monitoring":[78,141],"still":[80],"an":[81,101],"entirely":[82],"manual":[83],"process.":[84],"In":[85],"paper":[87],"we":[88,116],"propose":[89],"a":[90],"set":[91],"techniques":[93,126],"mine":[95],"memory":[97],"accesses":[98],"operating":[102,148],"system":[103],"its":[105],"locate":[108],"places":[110],"deploy":[112],"monitoring,":[114],"which":[115],"call":[117],"tap":[118,129],"points.":[119],"We":[120],"demonstrate":[121],"efficacy":[123],"our":[125],"finding":[128,137],"introspection":[133],"tasks":[134],"SSL":[138],"keys":[139],"browser":[143],"activity":[144],"on":[145],"five":[146],"different":[147],"systems":[149],"(Windows":[150],"7,":[151],"Linux,":[152],"FreeBSD,":[153],"Minix":[154],"Haiku)":[156],"processor":[159],"architectures":[160],"(ARM":[161],"x86).":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
