{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2072692647","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2505515.2505677","title":"Robust question answering over the web of linked data","display_name":"Robust question answering over the web of linked data","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2072692647","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2505515.2505677","mag":"2072692647"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2505515.2505677","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2505515.2505677","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 22nd ACM international conference on Information &amp; Knowledge Management","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087929673","display_name":"Mohamed Yahya","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","display_name":"Max Planck Society","ror":"https://ror.org/01hhn8329","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109712","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/01w19ak89","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Yahya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbruecken, Germany","Max-Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbruecken, Germany#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbruecken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max-Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbruecken, Germany#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039440854","display_name":"Klaus Berberich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3813-9721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","display_name":"Max Planck Society","ror":"https://ror.org/01hhn8329","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109712","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/01w19ak89","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Klaus Berberich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbruecken, Germany","Max-Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbruecken, Germany#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbruecken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max-Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbruecken, Germany#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018343355","display_name":"Shady Elbassuoni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3491-6311"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98635879","display_name":"American University of Beirut","ror":"https://ror.org/04pznsd21","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shady Elbassuoni","raw_affiliation_strings":["American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon","American University of Beirut, Beirut Lebanon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"American University of Beirut, Beirut Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088135366","display_name":"Gerhard Weikum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4959-6098"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149899117","display_name":"Max Planck Society","ror":"https://ror.org/01hhn8329","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109712","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/01w19ak89","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerhard Weikum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbruecken, Germany","Max-Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbruecken, Germany#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbruecken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109712"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max-Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbruecken, Germany#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149899117"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.8239,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":113,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98898451,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1107","last_page":"1116"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8644485473632812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.6806097626686096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-answering","display_name":"Question answering","score":0.6785776615142822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sparql","display_name":"SPARQL","score":0.6630057096481323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6012588739395142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.5749642252922058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linked-data","display_name":"Linked data","score":0.5242491364479065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.4220477044582367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytics","display_name":"Analytics","score":0.4102875590324402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3628823459148407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-web","display_name":"Semantic Web","score":0.3119715452194214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2752396762371063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rdf","display_name":"RDF","score":0.2523016333580017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.22236916422843933}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8644485473632812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.6806097626686096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.6785776615142822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41009113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54871","display_name":"SPARQL","level":4,"score":0.6630057096481323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6012588739395142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.5749642252922058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69075417","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515701","display_name":"Linked data","level":3,"score":0.5242491364479065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.4220477044582367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79158427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485396","display_name":"Analytics","level":2,"score":0.4102875590324402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3628823459148407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2129575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54837","display_name":"Semantic Web","level":2,"score":0.3119715452194214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2752396762371063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147497476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54872","display_name":"RDF","level":3,"score":0.2523016333580017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.22236916422843933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2505515.2505677","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2505515.2505677","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 22nd ACM international conference on Information &amp; Knowledge Management","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.401.524","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.401.524","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.mpi-inf.mpg.de/~kberberi/publications/2013-cikm2013.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escidoc.org:escidoc:1913738","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0015-38A9-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052962","display_name":"Max Planck Digital Library","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W71237371","https://openalex.org/W102708294","https://openalex.org/W190070780","https://openalex.org/W219090214","https://openalex.org/W348133106","https://openalex.org/W1483236033","https://openalex.org/W1508977358","https://openalex.org/W1520082916","https://openalex.org/W1532325895","https://openalex.org/W1694079474","https://openalex.org/W1716939029","https://openalex.org/W1981585544","https://openalex.org/W1993977866","https://openalex.org/W1995320938","https://openalex.org/W2009520135","https://openalex.org/W2020862320","https://openalex.org/W2022166150","https://openalex.org/W2042719229","https://openalex.org/W2046217376","https://openalex.org/W2052080995","https://openalex.org/W2055354597","https://openalex.org/W2070032453","https://openalex.org/W2088403135","https://openalex.org/W2098388305","https://openalex.org/W2121350579","https://openalex.org/W2122865749","https://openalex.org/W2130439030","https://openalex.org/W2130766266","https://openalex.org/W2133837166","https://openalex.org/W2143561480","https://openalex.org/W2144189147","https://openalex.org/W2144839943","https://openalex.org/W2144886574","https://openalex.org/W2151149636","https://openalex.org/W2156233801","https://openalex.org/W2163382007","https://openalex.org/W2165389462","https://openalex.org/W2167187514","https://openalex.org/W2167435923","https://openalex.org/W2169624745","https://openalex.org/W2189143063","https://openalex.org/W2205441555","https://openalex.org/W2263798363","https://openalex.org/W2593172760","https://openalex.org/W2912486915","https://openalex.org/W2913036029","https://openalex.org/W2915108564","https://openalex.org/W4256161694","https://openalex.org/W6602917193","https://openalex.org/W6681124036"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1550792544","https://openalex.org/W2155929612","https://openalex.org/W199330785","https://openalex.org/W2267627180","https://openalex.org/W2402575682","https://openalex.org/W2396236980","https://openalex.org/W2187569332","https://openalex.org/W98016204","https://openalex.org/W602498611","https://openalex.org/W2741022245"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Knowledge":[0],"bases":[1],"and":[2,15,29,51,101,142],"the":[3,78,86,92,145,150,158],"Web":[4],"of":[5,23,27,85,113,144,152],"Linked":[6],"Data":[7],"have":[8,44,53],"become":[9],"important":[10],"assets":[11],"for":[12,91,139],"search,":[13],"recommendation,":[14],"analytics.":[16],"Natural-language":[17],"questions":[18,43,69,108],"are":[19],"a":[20,64,129],"user-friendly":[21],"mode":[22],"tapping":[24],"this":[25,40],"wealth":[26],"knowledge":[28],"data.":[30],"However,":[31],"question":[32],"answering":[33],"technology":[34],"does":[35],"not":[36,81],"work":[37],"robustly":[38],"in":[39,57],"setting":[41],"as":[42],"to":[45,54,70,121],"be":[46,55,71],"translated":[47,73],"into":[48,74,109,134],"structured":[49,114],"queries":[50],"users":[52],"careful":[56],"phrasing":[58],"their":[59],"questions.":[60],"This":[61],"paper":[62],"advocates":[63],"new":[65],"approach":[66],"that":[67],"allows":[68],"partially":[72],"relaxed":[75],"queries,":[76,116],"covering":[77],"essential":[79],"but":[80],"necessarily":[82],"all":[83],"aspects":[84],"user's":[87],"input.":[88],"To":[89],"compensate":[90],"omissions,":[93],"we":[94],"exploit":[95],"textual":[96],"sources":[97],"associated":[98],"with":[99,117,157],"entities":[100],"relational":[102],"facts.":[103],"Our":[104,124],"system":[105],"translates":[106],"user":[107,146],"an":[110,135],"extended":[111],"form":[112],"SPARQL":[115],"text":[118],"predicates":[119],"attached":[120],"triple":[122],"patterns.":[123],"solution":[125],"is":[126],"based":[127],"on":[128],"novel":[130],"optimization":[131],"model,":[132],"cast":[133],"integer":[136],"linear":[137],"program,":[138],"joint":[140],"decomposition":[141],"disambiguation":[143],"question.":[147],"We":[148],"demonstrate":[149],"quality":[151],"our":[153],"methods":[154],"through":[155],"experiments":[156],"QALD":[159],"benchmark.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
