{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2121290223","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2487575.2487688","title":"Synthetic review spamming and defense","display_name":"Synthetic review spamming and defense","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-08-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2121290223","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2487575.2487688","mag":"2121290223"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2487575.2487688","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2487575.2487688","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 19th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101488340","display_name":"Huan Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6436-4813"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huan Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081930502","display_name":"Alex Morales","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1236-6822"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex Morales","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047709762","display_name":"Xifeng Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6508-4792"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xifeng Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":72,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1088","last_page":"1096"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spamming","display_name":"Spamming","score":0.8745605945587158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.755027174949646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reputation","display_name":"Reputation","score":0.6268534660339355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-error-rate","display_name":"Word error rate","score":0.5612260699272156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5399764180183411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","score":0.46810364723205566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.448763370513916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4320961534976959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4242214560508728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harm","display_name":"Harm","score":0.4179956316947937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.34155893325805664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.23667937517166138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.1629786193370819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09270775318145752}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158955206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83058","display_name":"Spamming","level":3,"score":0.8745605945587158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.755027174949646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48798503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877546","display_name":"Reputation","level":2,"score":0.6268534660339355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40969351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3516228","display_name":"Word error rate","level":2,"score":0.5612260699272156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5399764180183411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.46810364723205566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.448763370513916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4320961534976959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4242214560508728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777363581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235","display_name":"Harm","level":2,"score":0.4179956316947937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34155893325805664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.23667937517166138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.1629786193370819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09270775318145752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2487575.2487688","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2487575.2487688","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 19th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W69239580","https://openalex.org/W790897563","https://openalex.org/W1503071992","https://openalex.org/W1509982784","https://openalex.org/W1880262756","https://openalex.org/W1983704604","https://openalex.org/W1984287486","https://openalex.org/W2038721957","https://openalex.org/W2047756776","https://openalex.org/W2051593977","https://openalex.org/W2066873261","https://openalex.org/W2116401198","https://openalex.org/W2128272588","https://openalex.org/W2130571329","https://openalex.org/W2133330855","https://openalex.org/W2133990480","https://openalex.org/W2147152072","https://openalex.org/W2148885851","https://openalex.org/W2159359879","https://openalex.org/W2161283199","https://openalex.org/W2202307757","https://openalex.org/W6681698864"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1987732684","https://openalex.org/W2286465138","https://openalex.org/W637393809","https://openalex.org/W2808742736","https://openalex.org/W1526983901","https://openalex.org/W3126526144","https://openalex.org/W3021299372","https://openalex.org/W2184211279","https://openalex.org/W2346278349","https://openalex.org/W3139094847"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Online":[0],"reviews":[1,28,75,80,143],"have":[2,121],"been":[3],"popularly":[4],"adopted":[5],"in":[6,76,125],"many":[7],"applications.":[8],"Since":[9],"they":[10],"can":[11],"either":[12],"promote":[13],"or":[14,21],"harm":[15],"the":[16,53,91,134,151,162,178],"reputation":[17],"of":[18,102,136,164],"a":[19,22,30,34,42,65,77,108,158,171],"product":[20],"service,":[23],"buying":[24],"and":[25,33,67,95,141],"selling":[26],"fake":[27,118],"becomes":[29],"profitable":[31],"business":[32],"big":[35],"threat.":[36],"In":[37],"this":[38,83],"paper,":[39],"we":[40,120],"introduce":[41],"very":[43],"simple,":[44],"but":[45],"powerful":[46],"review":[47,63],"spamming":[48],"technique":[49],"that":[50,132],"could":[51],"fail":[52],"existing":[54,165],"feature-based":[55],"detection":[56,152],"algorithms":[57],"easily.":[58],"It":[59],"uses":[60],"one":[61],"truthful":[62,142],"as":[64],"template,":[66],"replaces":[68],"its":[69],"sentences":[70],"with":[71],"those":[72],"from":[73],"other":[74],"repository.":[78],"Fake":[79],"generated":[81],"by":[82],"mechanism":[84],"are":[85],"extremely":[86],"hard":[87],"to":[88,115,149,155,175],"detect:":[89],"Both":[90],"state-of-the-art":[92],"computational":[93],"approaches":[94],"human":[96],"readers":[97],"acquire":[98],"an":[99],"error":[100,153,179],"rate":[101,154],"35%-48%,":[103],"just":[104],"slightly":[105],"better":[106],"than":[107],"random":[109],"guess.":[110],"While":[111],"it":[112,168],"is":[113,144,147,169],"challenging":[114,172],"detect":[116],"such":[117],"reviews,":[119],"made":[122],"solid":[123],"progress":[124],"suppressing":[126],"them.":[127],"A":[128],"novel":[129],"defense":[130],"method":[131],"leverages":[133],"difference":[135],"semantic":[137],"flows":[138],"between":[139],"synthetic":[140],"developed,":[145],"which":[146],"able":[148],"reduce":[150],"approximately":[156],"22%,":[157],"significant":[159],"improvement":[160],"over":[161],"performance":[163],"approaches.":[166],"Nevertheless,":[167],"still":[170],"research":[173],"task":[174],"further":[176],"decrease":[177],"rate.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}