{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2155449669","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2487276.2487280","title":"Non-photorealistic rendering with spot colour","display_name":"Non-photorealistic rendering with spot colour","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-07-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2155449669","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2487276.2487280","mag":"2155449669"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2487276.2487280","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2487276.2487280","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Symposium on Computational Aesthetics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068129380","display_name":"Paul L. Rosin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4965-3884"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul L. Rosin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardiff University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiff University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067850699","display_name":"Yu\u2010Kun Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2094-5680"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Kun Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardiff University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiff University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4157,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63288737,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"67","last_page":"75"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.8464678525924683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.719054639339447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7177299857139587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6454512476921082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.6111646294593811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monochromatic-color","display_name":"Monochromatic color","score":0.5565838813781738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hue","display_name":"Hue","score":0.5100699067115784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sweet-spot","display_name":"Sweet spot","score":0.5012331008911133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grayscale","display_name":"Grayscale","score":0.4922429621219635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salience","display_name":"Salience (neuroscience)","score":0.49159106612205505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standard-illuminant","display_name":"Standard illuminant","score":0.46027064323425293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-photorealistic-rendering","display_name":"Non-photorealistic rendering","score":0.4417724907398224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.16307112574577332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.10807451605796814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animation","display_name":"Animation","score":0.06362360715866089}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.8464678525924683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.719054639339447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7177299857139587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6454512476921082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.6111646294593811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40833965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6901438","display_name":"Monochromatic color","level":2,"score":0.5565838813781738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126537357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372948","display_name":"Hue","level":2,"score":0.5100699067115784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993112377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1206825","display_name":"Sweet spot","level":3,"score":0.5012331008911133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78201319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685727","display_name":"Grayscale","level":3,"score":0.4922429621219635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108154423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469792","display_name":"Salience (neuroscience)","level":2,"score":0.49159106612205505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129112856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375479","display_name":"Standard illuminant","level":2,"score":0.46027064323425293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155650255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q259326","display_name":"Non-photorealistic rendering","level":5,"score":0.4417724907398224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.16307112574577332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.10807451605796814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502989409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11425","display_name":"Animation","level":2,"score":0.06362360715866089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69369342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1401416","display_name":"Computer animation","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138591656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157538","display_name":"Computer facial animation","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019090810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192431","display_name":"Speed skating","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2487276.2487280","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2487276.2487280","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Symposium on Computational Aesthetics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:http://orca.cardiff.ac.uk:67325","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/67325/1/spotCAe-2.pdf","pdf_url":"https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/67325/1/spotCAe-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401195","display_name":"ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","host_organization_name":"Cardiff University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"},{"id":"pmh:oai:http://orca-dev.cardiff.ac.uk:67325","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/67325/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401195","display_name":"ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","host_organization_name":"Cardiff University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.5299999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W63295374","https://openalex.org/W1975362666","https://openalex.org/W1992110876","https://openalex.org/W2005964300","https://openalex.org/W2010119207","https://openalex.org/W2019304620","https://openalex.org/W2028320889","https://openalex.org/W2037954058","https://openalex.org/W2038210738","https://openalex.org/W2050222448","https://openalex.org/W2085020374","https://openalex.org/W2091773938","https://openalex.org/W2120963736","https://openalex.org/W2124351162","https://openalex.org/W2129112648","https://openalex.org/W2133003941","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2136154655","https://openalex.org/W2138398901","https://openalex.org/W2159887832","https://openalex.org/W2160341927","https://openalex.org/W2160530465","https://openalex.org/W2171735856","https://openalex.org/W2240798854","https://openalex.org/W2256599456","https://openalex.org/W2294269662","https://openalex.org/W2294980445","https://openalex.org/W2296168388","https://openalex.org/W2554065928","https://openalex.org/W2567436235","https://openalex.org/W2912294083","https://openalex.org/W3000407986","https://openalex.org/W4246202668","https://openalex.org/W4247941455"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4378218814","https://openalex.org/W2169565872","https://openalex.org/W2125997383","https://openalex.org/W2086480935","https://openalex.org/W24761535","https://openalex.org/W2141064695","https://openalex.org/W830216772","https://openalex.org/W164484593","https://openalex.org/W4387331381","https://openalex.org/W2029490354"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Colour":[0],"is":[1,83,93,118],"an":[2,110,119],"important":[3],"aspect":[4],"of":[5,27,61,122,132,143],"art.":[6],"Not":[7],"only":[8],"does":[9],"it":[10,16],"give":[11],"richness":[12],"to":[13,21,64,73,77,113,139],"images,":[14],"but":[15],"always":[17],"provides":[18],"a":[19,68,140],"means":[20,121],"highlight":[22],"certain":[23],"objects.":[24],"This":[25],"idea":[26,60],"spot":[28,62,75,137],"colour":[29,63,76,86,138],"has":[30],"been":[31],"used":[32],"extensively":[33],"in":[34],"both":[35],"fine":[36],"art":[37],"and":[38,66,70,88,104],"commercial":[39],"illustrations.":[40],"Many":[41],"non-photorealistic":[42],"rendering":[43,79],"(NPR)":[44],"algorithms":[45],"produce":[46],"grayscale":[47],"or":[48],"monochromatic":[49],"images":[50],"with":[51],"low":[52],"saturations.":[53],"In":[54],"this":[55],"paper":[56],"we":[57],"introduce":[58],"the":[59,89,115,124,130],"NPR":[65,144],"propose":[67],"simple":[69],"automatic":[71],"algorithm":[72],"add":[74],"these":[78],"styles.":[80,145],"The":[81],"hue":[82],"thresholded":[84],"into":[85],"layers":[87],"most":[90],"appropriate":[91],"layer":[92,101],"automatically":[94],"determined":[95],"based":[96],"on":[97],"factors":[98],"such":[99],"as":[100],"region":[102],"shape":[103],"salience.":[105],"We":[106,128],"also":[107],"consider":[108],"using":[109],"edge-based":[111],"criterion":[112],"colourise":[114],"background,":[116],"which":[117],"effective":[120],"making":[123],"foreground":[125],"stand":[126],"out.":[127],"demonstrate":[129],"effectiveness":[131],"our":[133],"approach":[134],"by":[135],"adding":[136],"diverse":[141],"set":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}