{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2126822952","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2486001.2486019","title":"B4","display_name":"B4","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-08-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2126822952","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2486001.2486019","mag":"2126822952"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2486001.2486019","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2486001.2486019","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2013 conference on SIGCOMM","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101473084","display_name":"Sushant Jain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6395-0682"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sushant Jain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, Mountain View, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, Mountain View, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101694386","display_name":"Alok Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8121-9893"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alok Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, Mountain View, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, Mountain View, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043433616","display_name":"Subhasree Mandal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Subhasree Mandal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, Mountain View, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, Mountain View, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112039747","display_name":"Joon Ong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joon Ong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, Mountain View, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, Mountain View, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112776179","display_name":"Leon Poutievski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leon Poutievski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, Mountain View, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, Mountain View, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039301888","display_name":"Arjun Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3475-077X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arjun Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, Mountain View, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, Mountain View, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049038480","display_name":"Subbaiah Venkata","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Subbaiah Venkata","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, Mountain View, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, Mountain View, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055106095","display_name":"Jim Wanderer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jim Wanderer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, Mountain View, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, Mountain View, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032317228","display_name":"Junlan Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junlan Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, Mountain View, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, Mountain View, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067517357","display_name":"Min Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4359-1552"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, Mountain View, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, Mountain View, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002362821","display_name":"Jon Zolla","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jon Zolla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, Mountain View, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, Mountain View, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020047928","display_name":"Urs H\u00f6lzle","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Urs H\u00f6lzle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, Mountain View, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, Mountain View, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026735150","display_name":"Stephen Stuart","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen Stuart","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, Mountain View, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, Mountain View, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050245571","display_name":"Amin Vahdat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4866-1698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amin Vahdat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, Mountain View, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, Mountain View, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1780,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.7576498985290527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.7001585364341736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6114386320114136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limiting","display_name":"Limiting","score":0.5911040306091309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.5371995568275452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth-allocation","display_name":"Bandwidth allocation","score":0.5365002751350403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.46713757514953613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24140244722366333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18086937069892883}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.7576498985290527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.7001585364341736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6114386320114136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.5911040306091309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.5371995568275452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200157131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4854763","display_name":"Bandwidth allocation","level":3,"score":0.5365002751350403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.46713757514953613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24140244722366333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18086937069892883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2486001.2486019","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2486001.2486019","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2013 conference on SIGCOMM","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5199999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1562069137","https://openalex.org/W1636629214","https://openalex.org/W1807098818","https://openalex.org/W1985282803","https://openalex.org/W2014722142","https://openalex.org/W2022758041","https://openalex.org/W2029907230","https://openalex.org/W2038861084","https://openalex.org/W2047553334","https://openalex.org/W2081979535","https://openalex.org/W2088506653","https://openalex.org/W2095234341","https://openalex.org/W2097906305","https://openalex.org/W2101768888","https://openalex.org/W2102090846","https://openalex.org/W2104210053","https://openalex.org/W2104254326","https://openalex.org/W2114497163","https://openalex.org/W2115546448","https://openalex.org/W2120545656","https://openalex.org/W2120900812","https://openalex.org/W2130531694","https://openalex.org/W2133576259","https://openalex.org/W2137838113","https://openalex.org/W2139318963","https://openalex.org/W2143149536","https://openalex.org/W2143508387","https://openalex.org/W2147118406","https://openalex.org/W2154965732","https://openalex.org/W2157614013","https://openalex.org/W2159607214","https://openalex.org/W2164096531","https://openalex.org/W2164284397","https://openalex.org/W2165030634","https://openalex.org/W2186961980","https://openalex.org/W2209957271","https://openalex.org/W2580899385","https://openalex.org/W2798915702","https://openalex.org/W4238465620","https://openalex.org/W4241999312","https://openalex.org/W6636876309","https://openalex.org/W6732264511"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2044470979","https://openalex.org/W4251345889","https://openalex.org/W1990230466","https://openalex.org/W2148705057","https://openalex.org/W2044253388","https://openalex.org/W2150598928","https://openalex.org/W2806837022","https://openalex.org/W2073876121","https://openalex.org/W2128382336","https://openalex.org/W2389240193"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"present":[1],"the":[2,17,52,65],"design,":[3],"implementation,":[4],"and":[5,47,55,61],"evaluation":[6],"of":[7,23,35],"B4,":[8],"a":[9,21,32],"private":[10],"WAN":[11],"connecting":[12],"Google's":[13],"data":[14],"centers":[15],"across":[16],"planet.":[18],"B4":[19],"has":[20],"number":[22,34],"unique":[24],"characteristics:":[25],"i)":[26],"massive":[27],"bandwidth":[28],"requirements":[29],"deployed":[30],"to":[31,43],"modest":[33],"sites,":[36],"ii)":[37],"elastic":[38],"traffic":[39],"demand":[40,62],"that":[41],"seeks":[42],"maximize":[44],"average":[45],"bandwidth,":[46],"iii)":[48],"full":[49],"control":[50],"over":[51],"edge":[53],"servers":[54],"network,":[56],"which":[57],"enables":[58],"rate":[59],"limiting":[60],"measurement":[63],"at":[64],"edge.":[66]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":124},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":169},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":219},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":210},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":220},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":248},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":240},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":188},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":29}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
