{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2034639175","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2485922.2485952","title":"An energy-efficient and scalable eDRAM-based register file architecture for GPGPU","display_name":"An energy-efficient and scalable eDRAM-based register file architecture for GPGPU","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-06-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2034639175","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2485922.2485952","mag":"2034639175"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2485922.2485952","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2485922.2485952","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 40th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2117/20247","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045693138","display_name":"Naifeng Jing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8417-5796"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naifeng Jing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","[Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101413554","display_name":"Yao Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6744-1498"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yao Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","[Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071201733","display_name":"Yao Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5699-4062"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yao Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","[Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077891479","display_name":"Shrikanth Ganapathy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shrikanth Ganapathy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103236320","display_name":"Zhigang Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9431-9853"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhigang Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","[Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039318240","display_name":"Minyi Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0034-2302"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minyi Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","[Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036543571","display_name":"Ram\u00f3n Canal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4542-204X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramon Canal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056632010","display_name":"Xiaoyao Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2790-5884"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyao Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","[Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":65,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"344","last_page":"355"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7431536316871643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6602132320404053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.6188773512840271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/register-file","display_name":"Register file","score":0.6180564165115356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-random-access-memory","display_name":"Static random-access memory","score":0.596855878829956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dram","display_name":"Dram","score":0.5048151612281799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.44760650396347046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/universal-memory","display_name":"Universal memory","score":0.4368688464164734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/porting","display_name":"Porting","score":0.41914820671081543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.4148902893066406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.29985925555229187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.2943308353424072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instruction-set","display_name":"Instruction set","score":0.2930894196033478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-management","display_name":"Memory management","score":0.1914817988872528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semiconductor-memory","display_name":"Semiconductor memory","score":0.1643701195716858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1579538881778717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15369164943695068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interleaved-memory","display_name":"Interleaved memory","score":0.10840070247650146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.10235381126403809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.09311166405677795}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7431536316871643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6602132320404053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.6188773512840271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117280010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180944","display_name":"Register file","level":3,"score":0.6180564165115356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68043766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267416","display_name":"Static random-access memory","level":2,"score":0.596855878829956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7366592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1255620","display_name":"Dram","level":2,"score":0.5048151612281799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.44760650396347046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195053848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7894141","display_name":"Universal memory","level":5,"score":0.4368688464164734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106251023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851989","display_name":"Porting","level":3,"score":0.41914820671081543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.4148902893066406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.29985925555229187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.2943308353424072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202491316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272683","display_name":"Instruction set","level":2,"score":0.2930894196033478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176649486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2308807","display_name":"Memory management","level":3,"score":0.1914817988872528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98986596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143031","display_name":"Semiconductor memory","level":2,"score":0.1643701195716858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1579538881778717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15369164943695068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63511323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908936","display_name":"Interleaved memory","level":4,"score":0.10840070247650146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.10235381126403809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.09311166405677795}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2485922.2485952","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2485922.2485952","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 40th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:recercat.cat:2072/218072","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2117/20247","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402147","display_name":"RECERCAT (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210090028","host_organization_name":"Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090028"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.713.5565","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.713.5565","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.sjtu.edu.cn/%7Eguo-my/PDF/Conferences/C133.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:recercat.cat:2072/218072","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2117/20247","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402147","display_name":"RECERCAT (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210090028","host_organization_name":"Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090028"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2459443666","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61202026, 61272099, 61261160502","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3448545256","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2011AA01A202","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321540","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321540","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/027s68j25"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322392","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1482635212","https://openalex.org/W1491237044","https://openalex.org/W1979527452","https://openalex.org/W1980364632","https://openalex.org/W1988773816","https://openalex.org/W2020572638","https://openalex.org/W2038061869","https://openalex.org/W2064037464","https://openalex.org/W2084416612","https://openalex.org/W2086157325","https://openalex.org/W2086674890","https://openalex.org/W2096661534","https://openalex.org/W2100799944","https://openalex.org/W2103498248","https://openalex.org/W2105102111","https://openalex.org/W2117648153","https://openalex.org/W2119092821","https://openalex.org/W2120116751","https://openalex.org/W2130154972","https://openalex.org/W2139138768","https://openalex.org/W2171462411","https://openalex.org/W2916411819","https://openalex.org/W3145579537"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2516517078","https://openalex.org/W1974599144","https://openalex.org/W2161286015","https://openalex.org/W2150909864","https://openalex.org/W4382618825","https://openalex.org/W4386903460","https://openalex.org/W4384572207","https://openalex.org/W2900372418","https://openalex.org/W2924367614","https://openalex.org/W2094308961"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,18,195],"heavily-threaded":[1],"data":[2,70,85],"processing":[3],"demands":[4],"of":[5,22,93,106,110,154,191],"streaming":[6],"multiprocessors":[7],"(SM)":[8],"in":[9,37,53,73,113],"a":[10,13,129],"GPGPU":[11,115],"require":[12],"large":[14],"register":[15],"file":[16],"(RF).":[17],"fast":[19],"increasing":[20],"size":[21],"the":[23,26,38,68,91,111,124,134,152,171,189,192],"RF":[24],"makes":[25],"area":[27],"cost":[28],"and":[29,63,98,146,166,206],"power":[30],"consumption":[31],"unaffordable":[32],"for":[33,170],"traditional":[34,210],"SRAM":[35],"designs":[36],"future":[39,54],"technologies.":[40],"In":[41],"this":[42],"paper,":[43],"we":[44,157,174],"propose":[45,138,158],"to":[46,83,122,132,187],"use":[47,105],"embedded-DRAM":[48],"(eDRAM)":[49],"as":[50],"an":[51,176,182],"alternative":[52],"GPGPUs.":[55],"Compared":[56],"with":[57,90,181],"SRAM,":[58],"eDRAM":[59,74,94,141],"provides":[60,128],"higher":[61],"density":[62],"lower":[64],"leakage":[65],"power.":[66],"However,":[67],"limited":[69],"retention":[71],"time":[72],"poses":[75],"new":[76],"challenges.":[77],"Periodic":[78],"refresh":[79,135,161],"operations":[80],"are":[81,116],"needed":[82],"maintain":[84],"integrity.":[86],"This":[87,127],"is":[88],"exacerbated":[89],"scaling":[92],"density,":[95],"process":[96],"variations":[97],"temperature.":[99],"Unlike":[100],"conventional":[101],"CPUs":[102],"which":[103],"make":[104],"multi-ported":[107,121],"RF,":[108,173],"most":[109],"RFs":[112],"modern":[114],"heavily":[117],"banked":[118],"but":[119],"not":[120],"reduce":[123,188],"hardware":[125],"cost.":[126],"unique":[130],"opportunity":[131],"hide":[133],"overhead.":[136],"We":[137],"two":[139,159],"different":[140],"implementations":[142],"based":[143],"on":[144],"3T1D":[145],"1T1C":[147,172],"memory":[148],"cells.":[149],"To":[150],"mitigate":[151],"impact":[153,190],"periodic":[155],"refresh,":[156],"novel":[160],"solutions":[162],"using":[163],"bank":[164,167,178],"bubble":[165],"walk-through.":[168],"Plus,":[169],"design":[175],"interleaved":[177],"organization":[179],"together":[180],"intelligent":[183],"warp":[184],"scheduling":[185],"strategy":[186],"destructive":[193],"reads.":[194],"analysis":[196],"shows":[197],"that":[198],"our":[199],"schemes":[200],"present":[201],"better":[202],"energy":[203],"efficiency,":[204],"scalability":[205],"variation":[207],"tolerance":[208],"than":[209],"SRAM-based":[211],"designs.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
