{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2087173276","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2484313.2484322","title":"Privacy-preserving multi-keyword text search in the cloud supporting similarity-based ranking","display_name":"Privacy-preserving multi-keyword text search in the cloud supporting similarity-based ranking","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-05-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2087173276","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2484313.2484322","mag":"2087173276"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2484313.2484322","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2484313.2484322","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGSAC symposium on Information, computer and communications security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045191954","display_name":"Wenhai Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0458-0092"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenhai Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["The State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University &amp; Virginia Tech, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University &amp; Virginia Tech, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827","https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100382490","display_name":"Bing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1954-8821"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech, Falls Church, VA, USA","Virginia Tech., Falls Church, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech, Falls Church, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech., Falls Church, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057973707","display_name":"Ning Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6430-3586"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107077323","display_name":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ejpqr48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA","[Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester, MA, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester, MA, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107077323"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101595187","display_name":"Ming Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4527-4542"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121980950","display_name":"Utah State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00h6set76","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001879281","display_name":"Wenjing Lou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2421-4623"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjing Lou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech, Falls Church, VA, USA","Virginia Tech., Falls Church, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech, Falls Church, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech., Falls Church, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059824798","display_name":"Y. Thomas Hou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3716-5768"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. Thomas Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","Virginia Tech, , Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech, , Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024453724","display_name":"Hui Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8310-7169"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["The State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":51.5948,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":336,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9988184,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"71","last_page":"82"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9753000140190125,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8127914667129517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.6420323848724365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ciphertext","display_name":"Ciphertext","score":0.6275282502174377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.6169919371604919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.5988630652427673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nearest-neighbor-search","display_name":"Nearest neighbor search","score":0.5944404602050781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.5278420448303223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5167802572250366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/index","display_name":"Index (typography)","score":0.5029894709587097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosine-similarity","display_name":"Cosine similarity","score":0.49175480008125305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine","display_name":"Search engine","score":0.4902844727039337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.454008549451828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.15349775552749634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.14367130398750305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.11053797602653503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09657147526741028}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8127914667129517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.6420323848724365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93974786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1589480","display_name":"Ciphertext","level":3,"score":0.6275282502174377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.6169919371604919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.5988630652427673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116738811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q608751","display_name":"Nearest neighbor search","level":2,"score":0.5944404602050781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.5278420448303223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5167802572250366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.5029894709587097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780762811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1784941","display_name":"Cosine similarity","level":3,"score":0.49175480008125305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97854310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19541","display_name":"Search engine","level":2,"score":0.4902844727039337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.454008549451828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.15349775552749634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.14367130398750305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.11053797602653503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09657147526741028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2484313.2484322","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2484313.2484322","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGSAC symposium on Information, computer and communications security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.714.4354","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.714.4354","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cnsr.ictas.vt.edu/publication/ASIACCS13_Sun.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W191231183","https://openalex.org/W1512194687","https://openalex.org/W1516033050","https://openalex.org/W1542399824","https://openalex.org/W1589843374","https://openalex.org/W1591361761","https://openalex.org/W1736726159","https://openalex.org/W1769443955","https://openalex.org/W1952562593","https://openalex.org/W1965657003","https://openalex.org/W2041480327","https://openalex.org/W2063695313","https://openalex.org/W2073346043","https://openalex.org/W2086829072","https://openalex.org/W2094877496","https://openalex.org/W2099513787","https://openalex.org/W2112064109","https://openalex.org/W2116626915","https://openalex.org/W2116717571","https://openalex.org/W2131043660","https://openalex.org/W2132257180","https://openalex.org/W2146828512","https://openalex.org/W2147929033","https://openalex.org/W2154448764","https://openalex.org/W2160484851","https://openalex.org/W2161214567","https://openalex.org/W2161694911","https://openalex.org/W2169691038","https://openalex.org/W2399539053","https://openalex.org/W2415289666","https://openalex.org/W2621280964","https://openalex.org/W6682311248"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2100090372","https://openalex.org/W4361205702","https://openalex.org/W2385965183","https://openalex.org/W126212742","https://openalex.org/W2013342653","https://openalex.org/W2901818815","https://openalex.org/W4289281780","https://openalex.org/W2359552542","https://openalex.org/W3208331467","https://openalex.org/W3180954388"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,14,33,77,85,101,120,135,146,165,170],"increasing":[2],"popularity":[3],"of":[4,9,22,129,169],"cloud":[5,15],"computing,":[6],"huge":[7],"amount":[8],"documents":[10],"are":[11],"outsourced":[12],"to":[13,61,75,93,144],"for":[16,114],"reduced":[17],"management":[18],"cost":[19],"and":[20,69,84,110,158,167],"ease":[21],"access.":[23],"Although":[24],"encryption":[25],"helps":[26],"protecting":[27],"user":[28],"data":[29,42],"confidentiality,":[30],"it":[31],"leaves":[32],"well-functioning":[34],"yet":[35],"practically-efficient":[36],"secure":[37,141],"search":[38,55,68,70,78,96,102,122,136],"functions":[39],"over":[40],"encrypted":[41],"a":[43,51,106],"challenging":[44],"problem.":[45,64],"In":[46],"this":[47,63],"paper,":[48],"we":[49,73,104,138,163],"present":[50],"privacy-preserving":[52],"multi-keyword":[53,67],"text":[54],"(MTS)":[56],"scheme":[57],"with":[58,89],"similarity-based":[59],"ranking":[60],"address":[62],"To":[65,99,132],"support":[66],"result":[71,97],"ranking,":[72],"propose":[74,105,139],"build":[76],"index":[79,108,142],"based":[80],"on":[81],"term":[82],"frequency":[83],"vector":[86],"space":[87],"model":[88,157],"cosine":[90],"similarity":[91],"measure":[92],"achieve":[94],"higher":[95],"accuracy.":[98],"improve":[100],"efficiency,":[103],"tree-based":[107],"structure":[109],"various":[111],"adaption":[112],"methods":[113],"multi-dimensional":[115],"(MD)":[116],"algorithm":[117],"so":[118],"that":[119,128],"practical":[121],"efficiency":[123,168],"is":[124],"much":[125],"better":[126],"than":[127],"linear":[130],"search.":[131],"further":[133],"enhance":[134],"privacy,":[137],"two":[140],"schemes":[143,172],"meet":[145],"stringent":[147],"privacy":[148],"requirements":[149],"under":[150],"strong":[151],"threat":[152],"models,":[153],"i.e.,":[154],"known":[155,159],"ciphertext":[156],"background":[160],"model.":[161],"Finally,":[162],"demonstrate":[164],"effectiveness":[166],"proposed":[171],"through":[173],"extensive":[174],"experimental":[175],"evaluation.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":50},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-07-08T08:33:18.762332","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
