{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2104724772","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2483028.2483061","title":"Variability-aware design of energy-delay optimal linear pipelines operating in the near-threshold regime and above","display_name":"Variability-aware design of energy-delay optimal linear pipelines operating in the near-threshold regime and above","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-05-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2104724772","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2483028.2483061","mag":"2104724772"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2483028.2483061","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2483028.2483061","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 23rd ACM international conference on Great lakes symposium on VLSI","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101706272","display_name":"Qing Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2520-1768"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qing Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","[University of Southern California Los, Angeles, CA, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[University of Southern California Los, Angeles, CA, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100651384","display_name":"Yanzhi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3024-7990"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanzhi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","[University of Southern California Los, Angeles, CA, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[University of Southern California Los, Angeles, CA, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044650311","display_name":"Massoud Pedram","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2677-7307"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Massoud Pedram","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","[University of Southern California Los, Angeles, CA, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[University of Southern California Los, Angeles, CA, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101706272"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4798,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71207467,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"61","last_page":"66"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/threshold-voltage","display_name":"Threshold voltage","score":0.6826798915863037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline-transport","display_name":"Pipeline transport","score":0.600118100643158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5855469703674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.5502781271934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.5166654586791992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5101809501647949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.455870121717453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","score":0.44948017597198486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/threshold-model","display_name":"Threshold model","score":0.4450581669807434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.4399982988834381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line","display_name":"Line (geometry)","score":0.4312426447868347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.4273311495780945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4270448088645935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propagation-delay","display_name":"Propagation delay","score":0.4183720052242279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.39932912588119507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.28206929564476013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21328848600387573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19142702221870422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13357579708099365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10078617930412292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.09494969248771667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195370968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754002","display_name":"Threshold voltage","level":4,"score":0.6826798915863037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175309249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725864","display_name":"Pipeline transport","level":2,"score":0.600118100643158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5855469703674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.5502781271934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.5166654586791992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5101809501647949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.455870121717453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.44948017597198486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202632270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7798106","display_name":"Threshold model","level":2,"score":0.4450581669807434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.4399982988834381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4312426447868347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.4273311495780945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4270448088645935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90806461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1144416","display_name":"Propagation delay","level":2,"score":0.4183720052242279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.39932912588119507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.28206929564476013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21328848600387573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19142702221870422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13357579708099365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10078617930412292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.09494969248771667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2483028.2483061","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2483028.2483061","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 23rd ACM international conference on Great lakes symposium on VLSI","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.408.3316","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.408.3316","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://atrak.usc.edu/~massoud/Papers/SE-pipeline-NTC-glsvlsi13.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967171495","https://openalex.org/W1995740882","https://openalex.org/W1998525920","https://openalex.org/W2010635096","https://openalex.org/W2013129990","https://openalex.org/W2024702153","https://openalex.org/W2065045880","https://openalex.org/W2101027835","https://openalex.org/W2111372718","https://openalex.org/W2114578223","https://openalex.org/W2118214977","https://openalex.org/W2122673880","https://openalex.org/W2137616964","https://openalex.org/W2148984056","https://openalex.org/W2159874000","https://openalex.org/W2166222777","https://openalex.org/W4245804582"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995889332","https://openalex.org/W3104163240","https://openalex.org/W3008693296","https://openalex.org/W4312283151","https://openalex.org/W2381158465","https://openalex.org/W2617721340","https://openalex.org/W2507253542","https://openalex.org/W3043674730","https://openalex.org/W2327589517","https://openalex.org/W4388427728"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Soft-edge":[0],"flip-flop":[1],"based":[2],"pipelines":[3,70],"can":[4],"improve":[5],"the":[6,15,60,66,78,90,96,100,103,113,122,130,139,146,149],"performance":[7],"and":[8,52,80,102],"energy":[9],"efficiency":[10],"of":[11,27,33,62,65,121,129,148],"circuits":[12],"operating":[13,75],"in":[14,76,95,99,118,134],"super-threshold":[16,81,104],"(supply":[17],"voltage)":[18],"regime":[19,32],"by":[20,88],"allowing":[21],"opportunistic":[22],"time":[23],"borrowing.":[24],"The":[25,107],"application":[26],"this":[28,84],"technique":[29],"to":[30,41,110],"near-threshold":[31,79,101],"operation,":[34],"however,":[35],"faces":[36],"a":[37],"significant":[38],"challenge":[39],"due":[40],"large":[42],"circuit":[43],"parameter":[44],"variations":[45],"that":[46,71,112],"result":[47,117],"from":[48],"manufacturing":[49],"process":[50,140],"imperfections":[51],"substrate":[53],"temperature":[54],"changes.":[55],"This":[56],"paper":[57],"thus":[58],"addresses":[59],"issue":[61],"variability-aware":[63],"design":[64],"energy-delay":[67],"optimal":[68,91],"linear":[69],"are":[72],"aimed":[73],"at":[74],"both":[77,135],"regimes.":[82,106],"Precisely,":[83],"goal":[85],"is":[86,109],"achieved":[87],"deriving":[89],"delay":[92,123],"line":[93],"configuration":[94],"soft-edge":[97],"flip-flops":[98],"operations":[105],"key":[108],"ensure":[111],"same":[114],"transistor":[115],"sizes":[116],"effective":[119],"operation":[120,136],"lines":[124],"(and":[125],"hence":[126],"appropriate":[127],"settings":[128],"transparency":[131],"window":[132],"size)":[133],"regimes":[137],"under":[138],"induced":[141],"variations.":[142],"Experimental":[143],"results":[144],"demonstrate":[145],"efficacy":[147],"proposed":[150],"solution.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
