{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2114226753","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2463676.2465272","title":"Photon","display_name":"Photon","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-06-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2114226753","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2463676.2465272","mag":"2114226753"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2463676.2465272","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2463676.2465272","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2013 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040625841","display_name":"R. Ananthanarayanan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4459-5854"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rajagopal Ananthanarayanan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","Google Inc., Mountain View, CA USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Inc., Mountain View, CA USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013955711","display_name":"Venkatesh Basker","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Venkatesh Basker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","Google Inc., Mountain View, CA USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Inc., Mountain View, CA USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014589091","display_name":"Sumit Kumar Das","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0361-6970"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sumit Das","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","Google Inc., Mountain View, CA USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Inc., Mountain View, CA USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007994419","display_name":"Ashish Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1844-7834"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashish Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","Google Inc., Mountain View, CA USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Inc., Mountain View, CA USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101925672","display_name":"Haifeng Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1309-1365"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haifeng Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","Google Inc., Mountain View, CA USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Inc., Mountain View, CA USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080003990","display_name":"Tianhao Qiu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianhao Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","Google Inc., Mountain View, CA USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Inc., Mountain View, CA USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087428745","display_name":"Alexey Reznichenko","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121786","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for Software Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/02pe2kf23","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210121786"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexey Reznichenko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max Planck Institute for Software Systems, Kaiserslautern, Germany","Max-Planck Institute for Software Systems, Kaiserslautern, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck Institute for Software Systems, Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max-Planck Institute for Software Systems, Kaiserslautern, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083946415","display_name":"Deomid Ryabkov","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131802","display_name":"Google (Ireland)","ror":"https://ror.org/03nmefy27","country_code":"IE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969","https://openalex.org/I4210131802"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["IE","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deomid Ryabkov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Inc., Dublin, Ireland","Google Inc. Dublin, Ireland#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Inc., Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131802"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Inc. Dublin, Ireland#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100674727","display_name":"Manpreet Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8755-2163"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manpreet Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","Google Inc., Mountain View, CA USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Inc., Mountain View, CA USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014540131","display_name":"Shivakumar Venkataraman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shivakumar Venkataraman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","Google Inc., Mountain View, CA USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Inc., Mountain View, CA USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040625841"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.2389,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":130,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99370826,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"577","last_page":"588"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7636421918869019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.7097320556640625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.560904324054718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-stream-mining","display_name":"Data stream mining","score":0.5508496761322021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.533139705657959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-latency","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","score":0.5020155906677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.45648691058158875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-data","display_name":"Big data","score":0.41568922996520996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photon","display_name":"Photon","score":0.41000840067863464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.38180577754974365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.26102709770202637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.25720131397247314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.24079293012619019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.22984552383422852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.17788031697273254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11034974455833435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09139013290405273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7636421918869019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.7097320556640625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.560904324054718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89198739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3079880","display_name":"Data stream mining","level":2,"score":0.5508496761322021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.533139705657959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46637626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693015","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","level":2,"score":0.5020155906677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.45648691058158875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.41568922996520996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159317903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3198","display_name":"Photon","level":2,"score":0.41000840067863464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.38180577754974365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.26102709770202637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.25720131397247314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.24079293012619019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.22984552383422852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.17788031697273254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11034974455833435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09139013290405273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2463676.2465272","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2463676.2465272","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2013 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6600000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W23762837","https://openalex.org/W330221795","https://openalex.org/W1484040604","https://openalex.org/W1556831215","https://openalex.org/W1734799737","https://openalex.org/W1981420413","https://openalex.org/W2013409485","https://openalex.org/W2015372451","https://openalex.org/W2020765652","https://openalex.org/W2043099794","https://openalex.org/W2075854425","https://openalex.org/W2115503987","https://openalex.org/W2118924829","https://openalex.org/W2119565742","https://openalex.org/W2119745055","https://openalex.org/W2120276090","https://openalex.org/W2130923111","https://openalex.org/W2131166445","https://openalex.org/W2135934107","https://openalex.org/W2140894225","https://openalex.org/W2143149536","https://openalex.org/W2144771673","https://openalex.org/W2152465173","https://openalex.org/W2153704625","https://openalex.org/W2173213060","https://openalex.org/W2185907055","https://openalex.org/W2988119170","https://openalex.org/W2999097477","https://openalex.org/W4238584892","https://openalex.org/W6600980011","https://openalex.org/W6629099681","https://openalex.org/W6637631891","https://openalex.org/W6680982454"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2908411463","https://openalex.org/W3205411230","https://openalex.org/W4286899009","https://openalex.org/W3163341049","https://openalex.org/W9168048","https://openalex.org/W4300849822","https://openalex.org/W4376480820","https://openalex.org/W3155891479","https://openalex.org/W3029351463","https://openalex.org/W2885352820"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Web-based":[0],"enterprises":[1],"process":[2],"events":[3,100],"generated":[4],"by":[5],"millions":[6],"of":[7,35,47],"users":[8],"interacting":[9],"with":[10,51],"their":[11],"websites.":[12],"Rich":[13],"statistical":[14],"data":[15,48],"distilled":[16],"from":[17],"combining":[18],"such":[19],"interactions":[20],"in":[21,49,86,95,104,107],"near":[22],"real-time":[23,50,108],"generates":[24],"enormous":[25],"business":[26],"value.":[27],"In":[28],"this":[29],"paper,":[30],"we":[31],"describe":[32],"the":[33,58,87,105],"architecture":[34],"Photon,":[36],"a":[37],"geographically":[38],"distributed":[39],"system":[40,66],"for":[41],"joining":[42],"multiple":[43],"continuously":[44],"flowing":[45],"streams":[46,59],"high":[52],"scalability":[53],"and":[54,71,111],"low":[55],"latency,":[56],"where":[57],"may":[60],"be":[61,83,102],"unordered":[62],"or":[63],"delayed.":[64],"The":[65],"fully":[67],"tolerates":[68],"infrastructure":[69],"degradation":[70],"datacenter-level":[72],"outages":[73],"without":[74],"any":[75,93],"manual":[76],"intervention.":[77],"Photon":[78],"guarantees":[79],"that":[80,97],"there":[81],"will":[82,101],"no":[84],"duplicates":[85],"joined":[88],"output":[89,106],"(at-most-once":[90],"semantics)":[91],"at":[92],"point":[94],"time,":[96],"most":[98],"joinable":[99],"present":[103],"(near-exact":[109],"semantics),":[110],"exactly-once":[112],"semantics":[113],"eventually.":[114]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-31T07:56:22.981413","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}