{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2042488319","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2463209.2488866","title":"Ultra low power associative computing with spin neurons and resistive crossbar memory","display_name":"Ultra low power associative computing with spin neurons and resistive crossbar memory","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-05-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2042488319","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2463209.2488866","mag":"2042488319"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2463209.2488866","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2463209.2488866","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 50th Annual Design Automation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1304.2281","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mrigank Sharad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mrigank Sharad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Deliang Fan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deliang Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kaushik Roy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaushik Roy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.5288,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96126515,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crossbar-switch","display_name":"Crossbar switch","score":0.7135999798774719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/content-addressable-memory","display_name":"Content-addressable memory","score":0.6553999781608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.5156999826431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.5034999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistive-touchscreen","display_name":"Resistive touchscreen","score":0.49480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.4620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analogue-electronics","display_name":"Analogue electronics","score":0.45829999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistive-random-access-memory","display_name":"Resistive random-access memory","score":0.45320001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memristor","display_name":"Memristor","score":0.4456999897956848}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29984679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1929149","display_name":"Crossbar switch","level":2,"score":0.7135999798774719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53442348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745101","display_name":"Content-addressable memory","level":3,"score":0.6553999781608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5738000273704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5156999826431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.5034999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6899612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852911","display_name":"Resistive touchscreen","level":2,"score":0.49480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4837999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.4620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29074008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174925","display_name":"Analogue electronics","level":3,"score":0.45829999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182019814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143830","display_name":"Resistive random-access memory","level":3,"score":0.45320001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150072547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212923","display_name":"Memristor","level":2,"score":0.4456999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159423971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177251","display_name":"Associative property","level":2,"score":0.423799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017773396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6692774","display_name":"Ultra low power","level":4,"score":0.38690000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.37959998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42704618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910917","display_name":"Spin (aerodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.365200012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.35749998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190560348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3245116","display_name":"Circuit design","level":2,"score":0.3555000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.35010001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90915687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q63759","display_name":"Analog computer","level":2,"score":0.3497999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.34700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98142538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485005","display_name":"Analog multiplier","level":4,"score":0.3434999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81843906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173156","display_name":"Digital electronics","level":3,"score":0.3353999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117551214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6692774","display_name":"Low-power electronics","level":4,"score":0.3043000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.30399999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778618852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128613","display_name":"Content-addressable storage","level":4,"score":0.30390000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131017901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170451","display_name":"Logic gate","level":2,"score":0.29989999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90201813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202957","display_name":"Schmitt trigger","level":3,"score":0.29600000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530198007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80831","display_name":"Integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.2922999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98986596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143031","display_name":"Semiconductor memory","level":2,"score":0.2903999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.27950000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177950962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10997658","display_name":"Non-volatile memory","level":2,"score":0.2721000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74524168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074539","display_name":"Integrated circuit design","level":2,"score":0.26739999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62907940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1541329","display_name":"Mixed-signal integrated circuit","level":3,"score":0.26669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.262800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.26019999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.25780001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14580979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q876049","display_name":"Very-large-scale integration","level":2,"score":0.25690001249313354}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2463209.2488866","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2463209.2488866","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 50th Annual Design Automation Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1304.2281","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1304.2281","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1304.2281","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1304.2281","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1304.2281","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1304.2281","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1636486936","https://openalex.org/W1976075132","https://openalex.org/W2017082487","https://openalex.org/W2020443390","https://openalex.org/W2027895023","https://openalex.org/W2035115446","https://openalex.org/W2039940503","https://openalex.org/W2077116387","https://openalex.org/W2098603028","https://openalex.org/W2107353844","https://openalex.org/W2140281076","https://openalex.org/W2148331362","https://openalex.org/W2166230011","https://openalex.org/W2168770118","https://openalex.org/W2169721908","https://openalex.org/W2394702793","https://openalex.org/W3148199222","https://openalex.org/W4386687348","https://openalex.org/W6651422644"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Emerging":[0],"resistive-crossbar":[1],"memory":[2,59],"(RCM)":[3],"technology":[4],"can":[5,72],"be":[6],"promising":[7],"for":[8,45,60],"computationally-expensive":[9],"analog":[10,57,68],"pattern-matching":[11],"tasks.":[12],"However,":[13],"the":[14,31,38,54,79,93],"use":[15,39],"of":[16,33,40,56,95],"CMOS":[17],"analog-circuits":[18],"with":[19,50,70],"RCM":[20,96],"would":[21],"result":[22],"in":[23],"large":[24],"power-consumption":[25],"and":[26],"poor":[27],"scalability,":[28],"thereby":[29,90],"eschewing":[30],"benefits":[32],"RCM-based":[34],"computation.":[35],"We":[36,52],"propose":[37],"low-voltage,":[41],"fast-switching,":[42],"magneto-metallic":[43],"'spin-neurons'":[44],"ultra":[46],"low-power":[47],"non-Boolean":[48],"computing":[49],"RCM.":[51],"present":[53],"design":[55,81],"associative":[58],"face":[61],"recognition":[62],"using":[63],"RCM,":[64],"where,":[65],"substituting":[66],"conventional":[67],"circuits":[69],"spin-neurons":[71],"achieve":[73],"~100x":[74],"lower":[75],"power.":[76],"This":[77],"makes":[78],"proposed":[80],"~1000x":[82],"more":[83],"energy-efficient":[84],"than":[85],"a":[86],"45nm-CMOS":[87],"digital":[88],"ASIC,":[89],"significantly":[91],"enhancing":[92],"prospects":[94],"based":[97],"computational":[98],"hardware.":[99]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
