{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2007297476","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2461912.2462025","title":"A hardware unit for fast SAH-optimised BVH construction","display_name":"A hardware unit for fast SAH-optimised BVH construction","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-07-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2007297476","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2461912.2462025","mag":"2007297476"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2461912.2462025","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2461912.2462025","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023667750","display_name":"Michael J. Doyle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6746-6794"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205274468","display_name":"Trinity College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/02tyrky19","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael J. Doyle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Trinity College Dublin"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Trinity College Dublin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114043168","display_name":"Colin Fowler","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205274468","display_name":"Trinity College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/02tyrky19","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Colin Fowler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Trinity College Dublin"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Trinity College Dublin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074373746","display_name":"Michael Manzke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2183-8318"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205274468","display_name":"Trinity College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/02tyrky19","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Manzke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Trinity College Dublin"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Trinity College Dublin","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.0112,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96044846,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8059873580932617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.7089976668357849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics-pipeline","display_name":"Graphics pipeline","score":0.6974054574966431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microarchitecture","display_name":"Microarchitecture","score":0.6844850778579712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-traversal","display_name":"Tree traversal","score":0.6154406666755676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.538664698600769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics-hardware","display_name":"Graphics hardware","score":0.5079031586647034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4925318658351898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.4565422832965851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-bandwidth","display_name":"Memory bandwidth","score":0.45651623606681824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracing","display_name":"Tracing","score":0.44214576482772827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.4407833218574524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.4358074963092804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.43047183752059937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.42979931831359863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.39302459359169006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.34715336561203003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.1609731912612915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-computer-graphics","display_name":"3D computer graphics","score":0.1575959026813507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.10643017292022705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.08241859078407288}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8059873580932617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.7089976668357849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173552908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1366289","display_name":"Graphics pipeline","level":4,"score":0.6974054574966431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107598950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q259864","display_name":"Microarchitecture","level":2,"score":0.6844850778579712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140745168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1210082","display_name":"Tree traversal","level":2,"score":0.6154406666755676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.538664698600769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18945957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5597193","display_name":"Graphics hardware","level":3,"score":0.5079031586647034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4925318658351898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.4565422832965851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188045654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17148339","display_name":"Memory bandwidth","level":2,"score":0.45651623606681824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138673069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322229","display_name":"Tracing","level":2,"score":0.44214576482772827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4407833218574524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.4358074963092804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.43047183752059937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.42979931831359863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.39302459359169006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.34715336561203003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.1609731912612915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66629338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189177","display_name":"3D computer graphics","level":3,"score":0.1575959026813507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.10643017292022705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.08241859078407288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2461912.2462025","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2461912.2462025","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1523859487","https://openalex.org/W1968902482","https://openalex.org/W2005032370","https://openalex.org/W2006312753","https://openalex.org/W2007036215","https://openalex.org/W2050513283","https://openalex.org/W2055398088","https://openalex.org/W2062694272","https://openalex.org/W2077945322","https://openalex.org/W2082535145","https://openalex.org/W2101746450","https://openalex.org/W2103710051","https://openalex.org/W2105853930","https://openalex.org/W2116453990","https://openalex.org/W2120934608","https://openalex.org/W2122132690","https://openalex.org/W2134158653","https://openalex.org/W2137706341","https://openalex.org/W2139317493","https://openalex.org/W2141966484","https://openalex.org/W2142703245","https://openalex.org/W2149150056","https://openalex.org/W2150947797","https://openalex.org/W2153226019","https://openalex.org/W2153331583","https://openalex.org/W2154449573","https://openalex.org/W2160428323","https://openalex.org/W2224700054","https://openalex.org/W2281448892","https://openalex.org/W2308258522","https://openalex.org/W2396244096","https://openalex.org/W2546184100","https://openalex.org/W2598707927","https://openalex.org/W3000296767","https://openalex.org/W4236433846"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W60029494","https://openalex.org/W82742382","https://openalex.org/W4241730892","https://openalex.org/W2188070462","https://openalex.org/W2117236520","https://openalex.org/W321965015","https://openalex.org/W3149294484","https://openalex.org/W4253118614","https://openalex.org/W2187752761","https://openalex.org/W2071180651"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ray-tracing":[0],"algorithms":[1],"are":[2],"known":[3],"for":[4,27,120,143,167],"producing":[5],"highly":[6],"realistic":[7],"images,":[8],"but":[9],"at":[10],"a":[11,18,94,117,192,201],"significant":[12,63,157],"computational":[13],"cost.":[14],"For":[15],"this":[16,57,121,134],"reason,":[17],"large":[19,172],"body":[20],"of":[21,47,90,99,104,146,177,200],"research":[22,52],"exists":[23],"on":[24,56,77,84],"various":[25],"techniques":[26],"accelerating":[28],"these":[29],"costly":[30],"algorithms.":[31],"One":[32],"approach":[33],"to":[34,185,212],"achieving":[35],"superior":[36],"performance":[37,64,126,161,178],"which":[38],"has":[39,59,80],"received":[40],"comparatively":[41],"little":[42],"attention":[43],"is":[44],"the":[45,85,91,96,100,111,139,144,164,198],"design":[46,155,193],"specialised":[48,118],"ray-tracing":[49,79],"hardware.":[50],"The":[51],"that":[53,62,116,153,190],"does":[54],"exist":[55],"topic":[58],"consistently":[60],"demonstrated":[61],"and":[65,87,102,127,162,181,205],"efficiency":[66,128,173],"gains":[67,174],"can":[68],"be":[69,195],"achieved":[70],"with":[71],"dedicated":[72,141],"microarchitectures.":[73],"However,":[74],"previous":[75],"work":[76],"hardware":[78,112],"focused":[81],"almost":[82],"entirely":[83],"traversal":[86],"intersection":[88],"aspects":[89],"pipeline.":[92],"As":[93],"result,":[95],"critical":[97],"aspect":[98],"management":[101],"construction":[103,145],"acceleration":[105],"data-structures":[106],"remains":[107],"largely":[108],"absent":[109],"from":[110],"literature.":[113],"We":[114,188],"propose":[115],"microarchitecture":[119,142],"purpose":[122],"could":[123],"achieve":[124],"considerable":[125],"improvements":[129,158],"over":[130],"programmable":[131],"platforms.":[132],"To":[133],"end,":[135],"we":[136],"have":[137],"developed":[138],"first":[140],"binned":[147],"SAH":[148],"BVHs.":[149],"Cycle-accurate":[150],"simulations":[151],"show":[152],"our":[154],"achieves":[156],"in":[159,163,175,197],"raw":[160],"bandwidth":[165],"required":[166],"construction,":[168],"as":[169,171],"well":[170],"terms":[176],"per":[179],"clock":[180],"die":[182],"area":[183],"compared":[184],"manycore":[186],"implementations.":[187],"conclude":[189],"such":[191],"would":[194],"useful":[196],"context":[199],"heterogeneous":[202],"graphics":[203,209],"processor,":[204],"may":[206],"help":[207],"future":[208],"processor":[210],"designs":[211],"reduce":[213],"predicted":[214],"technology-imposed":[215],"utilisation":[216],"limits.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}