{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2055302526","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2461912.2462002","title":"OpenSurfaces","display_name":"OpenSurfaces","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-07-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2055302526","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2461912.2462002","mag":"2055302526"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2461912.2462002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2461912.2462002","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2461912.2462002","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2461912.2462002","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071650241","display_name":"Sean Bell","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sean Bell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034095010","display_name":"Paul Upchurch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9293-7367"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Upchurch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085248097","display_name":"Noah Snavely","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6921-6833"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noah Snavely","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087263986","display_name":"Kavita Bala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9761-6503"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kavita Bala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071650241"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":39.2299,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":214,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99875351,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"17"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8266623020172119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.5921530723571777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5781053304672241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5565838813781738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usable","display_name":"USable","score":0.5464892983436584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.5227577686309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.49495142698287964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowdsourcing","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","score":0.46303945779800415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4258752465248108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.41034871339797974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.40194088220596313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3825119137763977}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8266623020172119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.5921530723571777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5781053304672241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5565838813781738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780615836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2471869","display_name":"USable","level":2,"score":0.5464892983436584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.5227577686309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.49495142698287964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62230096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275969","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","level":2,"score":0.46303945779800415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4258752465248108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.41034871339797974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.40194088220596313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3825119137763977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2461912.2462002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2461912.2462002","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2461912.2462002","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2461912.2462002","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2461912.2462002","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2461912.2462002","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2028032873","display_name":"CAREER: Sensing the World with the Distributed Camera","funder_award_id":"1149393","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G471442927","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IIS-1161645, NSF-1011919, NSF-1149393","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5653979796","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1011919","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6237406278","display_name":"CGV: Medium: Collaborative Research: Understanding Translucency: Physics, Perception, and Computation","funder_award_id":"1161645","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8514702574","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IIS-1161645, NSF-1011919, NSF-1149393","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337389","funder_display_name":"Division of Information and Intelligent Systems"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307102","display_name":"Intel Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337389","display_name":"Division of Information and Intelligent Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/053a2cp42"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2055302526.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2055302526.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1519594923","https://openalex.org/W1966322278","https://openalex.org/W1973200191","https://openalex.org/W1975408676","https://openalex.org/W1985949187","https://openalex.org/W1988576361","https://openalex.org/W2000123870","https://openalex.org/W2002699656","https://openalex.org/W2003537776","https://openalex.org/W2017814585","https://openalex.org/W2039637700","https://openalex.org/W2050204708","https://openalex.org/W2051665442","https://openalex.org/W2054322877","https://openalex.org/W2059552065","https://openalex.org/W2069088802","https://openalex.org/W2071527584","https://openalex.org/W2072541189","https://openalex.org/W2075019799","https://openalex.org/W2075121425","https://openalex.org/W2094872233","https://openalex.org/W2102985109","https://openalex.org/W2106726792","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2109452278","https://openalex.org/W2110764733","https://openalex.org/W2116567847","https://openalex.org/W2129761755","https://openalex.org/W2130252728","https://openalex.org/W2134921974","https://openalex.org/W2135422313","https://openalex.org/W2138203286","https://openalex.org/W2144736368","https://openalex.org/W2145607950","https://openalex.org/W2149273804","https://openalex.org/W2149521538","https://openalex.org/W2150810898","https://openalex.org/W2160072137","https://openalex.org/W2171011251","https://openalex.org/W2240434622","https://openalex.org/W2294159033","https://openalex.org/W2296661961","https://openalex.org/W2539923485","https://openalex.org/W2911429487","https://openalex.org/W3005895305","https://openalex.org/W3139476211","https://openalex.org/W4205666164","https://openalex.org/W4229523108","https://openalex.org/W4232599775","https://openalex.org/W4234143236","https://openalex.org/W4235030504","https://openalex.org/W4254477448","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3032998312","https://openalex.org/W135177976","https://openalex.org/W4384486036","https://openalex.org/W1503094549","https://openalex.org/W2337920774","https://openalex.org/W4286908577","https://openalex.org/W2886410948","https://openalex.org/W2025875869","https://openalex.org/W4318823662","https://openalex.org/W3207526114"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"appearance":[1,31],"of":[2,56,58,60,66,128,153,165],"surfaces":[3,18,61],"in":[4,15,32,34,115,134,168],"real-world":[5],"scenes":[6],"is":[7,99,184],"determined":[8],"by":[9],"the":[10,17,21,129,163],"materials,":[11],"textures,":[12],"and":[13,27,68,82,87,105,112,131,137,159,174,176,179],"context":[14],"which":[16],"appear.":[19],"However,":[20],"datasets":[22],"we":[23,48,148],"have":[24],"for":[25,110,120],"visualizing":[26],"modeling":[28],"rich":[29],"surface":[30,92,172],"context,":[33],"applications":[35,170],"such":[36],"as":[37],"home":[38],"remodeling,":[39],"are":[40],"quite":[41],"limited.":[42],"To":[43],"help":[44],"address":[45],"this":[46,141,166],"need,":[47],"present":[49,106,149],"OpenSurfaces,":[50],"a":[51,107,145,150,185],"rich,":[52],"labeled":[53],"database":[54,167],"consisting":[55],"thousands":[57],"examples":[59],"segmented":[62],"from":[63,94],"consumer":[64],"photographs":[65],"interiors,":[67],"annotated":[69],"with":[70,156],"material":[71,74,175],"parameters":[72],"(reflectance,":[73],"names),":[75],"texture":[76],"information":[77,84,93],"(surface":[78],"normals,":[79],"rectified":[80],"textures),":[81],"contextual":[83],"(scene":[85],"category,":[86],"object":[88],"names).":[89],"Retrieving":[90],"usable":[91],"uncalibrated":[95],"Internet":[96,116,135],"photo":[97,117],"collections":[98,118],"challenging.":[100],"We":[101,161],"use":[102,164],"human":[103],"annotations":[104],"new":[108],"methodology":[109],"segmenting":[111],"annotating":[113],"materials":[114],"suitable":[119],"crowdsourcing":[121],"(e.g.,":[122],"through":[123],"Amazon's":[124],"Mechanical":[125],"Turk).":[126],"Because":[127],"noise":[130],"variability":[132],"inherent":[133],"photos":[136],"novice":[138],"annotators,":[139],"designing":[140],"annotation":[142,154],"engine":[143],"was":[144],"key":[146],"challenge;":[147],"multi-stage":[151],"set":[152],"tasks":[155],"quality":[157],"checks":[158],"validation.":[160],"demonstrate":[162],"proof-of-concept":[169],"including":[171],"retexturing":[173],"image":[177],"browsing,":[178],"discuss":[180],"future":[181],"uses.":[182],"OpenSurfaces":[183],"public":[186],"resource":[187],"available":[188],"at":[189],"http://opensurfaces.cs.cornell.edu/.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}