{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2006461528","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2451236.2451238","title":"A gradient-based implicit blend","display_name":"A gradient-based implicit blend","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2006461528","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2451236.2451238","mag":"2006461528"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2451236.2451238","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2451236.2451238","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://inria.hal.science/hal-00753246","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013767724","display_name":"Olivier Gourmel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17866349","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse","ror":"https://ror.org/004raaa70","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17866349"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Olivier Gourmel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17866349","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083375513","display_name":"Lo\u00efc Barthe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9908-3640"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17866349","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse","ror":"https://ror.org/004raaa70","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17866349"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Loic Barthe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17866349","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015607764","display_name":"Marie\u2010Paule Cani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7752-9031"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326498283","display_name":"Institut national de recherche en informatique et en automatique","ror":"https://ror.org/02kvxyf05","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marie-Paule Cani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Grenoble Universit\u00e9s, CNRS, INRIA Grenoble, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Grenoble Universit\u00e9s, CNRS, INRIA Grenoble, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082028522","display_name":"Brian Wyvill","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51601045","display_name":"University of Bath","ror":"https://ror.org/002h8g185","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]}],"countries":["CA","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian Wyvill","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Victoria and University of Bath, UK","University of Victoria and University of Bath, UK#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Victoria and University of Bath, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Victoria and University of Bath, UK#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109352213","display_name":"Adrien Bernhardt","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326498283","display_name":"Institut national de recherche en informatique et en automatique","ror":"https://ror.org/02kvxyf05","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adrien Bernhardt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Grenoble Universit\u00e9s, CNRS, INRIA Grenoble, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Grenoble Universit\u00e9s, CNRS, INRIA Grenoble, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058904010","display_name":"Mathias Paulin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5606-9654"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17866349","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse","ror":"https://ror.org/004raaa70","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17866349"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mathias Paulin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, CNRS, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17866349","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088371545","display_name":"Herbert Grasberger","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Herbert Grasberger","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Victoria, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Victoria, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013767724"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I17866349"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.381,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":63,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9758383,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12290","display_name":"Human Motion and Animation","score":0.9839000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constructive","display_name":"Constructive","score":0.7839274406433105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/merge","display_name":"Merge (version control)","score":0.7723264694213867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7015992403030396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composition","display_name":"Composition (language)","score":0.5401071906089783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animation","display_name":"Animation","score":0.5086127519607544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.48892274498939514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polygon-mesh","display_name":"Polygon mesh","score":0.4862178862094879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4306168258190155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3960081934928894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.38668882846832275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science","display_name":"Computational science","score":0.3499576449394226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.29784417152404785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.25001707673072815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2465234398841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.09809088706970215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.08483844995498657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.07715147733688354}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778701210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28130034","display_name":"Constructive","level":3,"score":0.7839274406433105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197129107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1921621","display_name":"Merge (version control)","level":2,"score":0.7723264694213867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7015992403030396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40231798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1333743","display_name":"Composition (language)","level":2,"score":0.5401071906089783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502989409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11425","display_name":"Animation","level":2,"score":0.5086127519607544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.48892274498939514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31487907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1154597","display_name":"Polygon mesh","level":2,"score":0.4862178862094879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4306168258190155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3960081934928894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.38668882846832275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.3499576449394226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.29784417152404785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.25001707673072815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2465234398841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.09809088706970215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.08483844995498657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.07715147733688354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2451236.2451238","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2451236.2451238","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185367456","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","issn_l":"0730-0301","issn":["0730-0301","1557-7368"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.1027.4942","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1027.4942","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://hal.inria.fr/hal-00753246/document/","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-00753246v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://inria.hal.science/hal-00753246","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics, 2013, 32 (2), pp.Article No. 12. ⟨10.1145/2451236.2451238⟩","raw_type":"Journal articles"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-00753246v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://inria.hal.science/hal-00753246","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Graphics, 2013, 32 (2), pp.Article No. 12. ⟨10.1145/2451236.2451238⟩","raw_type":"Journal articles"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307102","display_name":"Intel Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","ror":"https://ror.org/00rbzpz17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334621","display_name":"Networks of Centres of Excellence of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/02edexj13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","display_name":"European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1573454917","https://openalex.org/W1604662580","https://openalex.org/W1753524162","https://openalex.org/W1983019655","https://openalex.org/W1986737903","https://openalex.org/W1989519540","https://openalex.org/W2045991012","https://openalex.org/W2092072871","https://openalex.org/W2096820387","https://openalex.org/W2097332464","https://openalex.org/W2103197357","https://openalex.org/W2104217614","https://openalex.org/W2104388113","https://openalex.org/W2105213269","https://openalex.org/W2106248292","https://openalex.org/W2116533649","https://openalex.org/W2129498063","https://openalex.org/W2146968309","https://openalex.org/W2154396405","https://openalex.org/W2155346457","https://openalex.org/W2161431717","https://openalex.org/W2166983756","https://openalex.org/W2244686166","https://openalex.org/W2592353390","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1557607869","https://openalex.org/W2366350639","https://openalex.org/W2087496541","https://openalex.org/W2028455732","https://openalex.org/W4313703117","https://openalex.org/W2085564391","https://openalex.org/W4388257798","https://openalex.org/W3183639206","https://openalex.org/W2044628889","https://openalex.org/W2365659824"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,74],"introduce":[1],"a":[2,28,79],"new":[3],"family":[4,80],"of":[5,14,38,81],"binary":[6],"composition":[7,84],"operators":[8,85],"that":[9,31,56],"solves":[10],"four":[11],"major":[12],"problems":[13],"constructive":[15,98],"implicit":[16],"modeling:":[17],"suppressing":[18],"bulges":[19],"when":[20],"two":[21],"shapes":[22],"merge,":[23],"avoiding":[24],"unwanted":[25],"blending":[26],"at":[27],"distance,":[29],"ensuring":[30],"the":[32,36,39,88],"resulting":[33],"shape":[34],"keeps":[35],"topology":[37],"union,":[40],"and":[41,92,100],"enabling":[42],"sharp":[43],"details":[44],"to":[45,97],"be":[46,62],"added":[47],"without":[48],"being":[49],"blown":[50],"up.":[51],"The":[52],"key":[53],"idea":[54,77],"is":[55],"field":[57],"functions":[58],"should":[59],"not":[60],"only":[61],"combined":[63],"based":[64],"on":[65,70,87],"their":[66,71],"values,":[67],"but":[68],"also":[69],"gradients":[72],".":[73],"implement":[75],"this":[76],"through":[78],"C":[82],"\u221e":[83],"evaluated":[86],"GPU":[89],"for":[90],"efficiency,":[91],"illustrate":[93],"it":[94],"by":[95],"applications":[96],"modeling":[99],"animation.":[101]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}