{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2093521861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2447976.2447997","title":"GPU ray tracing","display_name":"GPU ray tracing","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-04-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2093521861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2447976.2447997","mag":"2093521861"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2447976.2447997","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2447976.2447997","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110586706","display_name":"Steven G. Parker","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127875","display_name":"Nvidia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03jdj4y14","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127875"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven G. Parker","raw_affiliation_strings":["NVIDIA, Santa Clara, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NVIDIA, Santa Clara, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127875"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088234443","display_name":"Heiko Friedrich","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127875","display_name":"Nvidia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03jdj4y14","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127875"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heiko Friedrich","raw_affiliation_strings":["NVIDIA, Santa Clara, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NVIDIA, Santa Clara, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127875"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039425451","display_name":"David Luebke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8206-5785"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127875","display_name":"Nvidia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03jdj4y14","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127875"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Luebke","raw_affiliation_strings":["NVIDIA, Santa Clara, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NVIDIA, Santa Clara, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127875"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083825517","display_name":"Keith Morley","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127875","display_name":"Nvidia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03jdj4y14","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127875"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keith Morley","raw_affiliation_strings":["NVIDIA, Santa Clara, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NVIDIA, Santa Clara, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127875"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090971457","display_name":"James Bigler","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127875","display_name":"Nvidia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03jdj4y14","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127875"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Bigler","raw_affiliation_strings":["NVIDIA, Santa Clara, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NVIDIA, Santa Clara, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127875"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038061388","display_name":"Jared Hoberock","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127875","display_name":"Nvidia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03jdj4y14","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127875"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jared Hoberock","raw_affiliation_strings":["NVIDIA, Santa Clara, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NVIDIA, Santa Clara, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127875"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054303062","display_name":"David McAllister","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127875","display_name":"Nvidia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03jdj4y14","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127875"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David McAllister","raw_affiliation_strings":["NVIDIA, Santa Clara, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NVIDIA, Santa Clara, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127875"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009870417","display_name":"Austin Robison","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127875","display_name":"Nvidia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03jdj4y14","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127875"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Austin Robison","raw_affiliation_strings":["NVIDIA, Santa Clara, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NVIDIA, Santa Clara, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127875"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058862432","display_name":"Andreas Dietrich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5891-0910"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127875","display_name":"Nvidia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03jdj4y14","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127875"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Dietrich","raw_affiliation_strings":["NVIDIA, Santa Clara, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NVIDIA, Santa Clara, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127875"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104050137","display_name":"Greg Humphreys","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127875","display_name":"Nvidia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03jdj4y14","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127875"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Greg Humphreys","raw_affiliation_strings":["NVIDIA, Santa Clara, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NVIDIA, Santa Clara, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127875"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101915673","display_name":"Morgan McGuire","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1759-6299"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22675022","display_name":"Williams College","ror":"https://ror.org/04avkmd49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22675022"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Morgan McGuire","raw_affiliation_strings":["NVIDIA and Williams College","NVIDIA & Williams College#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NVIDIA and Williams College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22675022"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NVIDIA & Williams College#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22675022"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058776641","display_name":"Martin Stich","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127875","display_name":"Nvidia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03jdj4y14","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127875"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Stich","raw_affiliation_strings":["NVIDIA, Santa Clara, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NVIDIA, Santa Clara, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127875"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":12,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5047,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92306494,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"5","first_page":"93","last_page":"101"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8277003765106201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rendering","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","score":0.7582981586456299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ray-tracing","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","score":0.7031176686286926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-traversal","display_name":"Tree traversal","score":0.5802969932556152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.5579151511192322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracing","display_name":"Tracing","score":0.5523777008056641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.4685046970844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.33507034182548523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2046920657157898}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8277003765106201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.7582981586456299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121483023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7298343","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.7031176686286926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140745168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1210082","display_name":"Tree traversal","level":2,"score":0.5802969932556152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.5579151511192322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138673069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322229","display_name":"Tracing","level":2,"score":0.5523777008056641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.4685046970844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.33507034182548523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2046920657157898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2447976.2447997","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2447976.2447997","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103482838","display_name":"Communications of the ACM","issn_l":"0001-0782","issn":["0001-0782","1557-7317"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications of the ACM","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W782826972","https://openalex.org/W1982661771","https://openalex.org/W2001100395","https://openalex.org/W2002407002","https://openalex.org/W2050513283","https://openalex.org/W2067313328","https://openalex.org/W2119011049","https://openalex.org/W2130026741","https://openalex.org/W2138624212","https://openalex.org/W2152365613","https://openalex.org/W2153185479","https://openalex.org/W2155503253","https://openalex.org/W4245933748","https://openalex.org/W4251841159"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2136735429","https://openalex.org/W170547082","https://openalex.org/W2587876411","https://openalex.org/W2358332176","https://openalex.org/W4229950834","https://openalex.org/W4301044568","https://openalex.org/W2043557177","https://openalex.org/W2030301809","https://openalex.org/W2349351862","https://openalex.org/W2782715206"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,19],"NVIDIA\u00ae":[1],"OptiX\u2122":[2],"ray":[3,29,55,63,82,118],"tracing":[4,30,56],"engine":[5,21],"is":[6,47],"a":[7,36,48,77,110,128,138],"programmable":[8,40],"system":[9],"designed":[10],"for":[11,62,135],"NVIDIA":[12],"GPUs":[13],"and":[14,69,85,98,114,137],"other":[15],"highly":[16,78],"parallel":[17],"architectures.":[18],"OptiX":[20,46,105],"builds":[22],"on":[23],"the":[24,43,74],"key":[25],"observation":[26],"that":[27,52],"most":[28],"algorithms":[31,84],"can":[32],"be":[33],"implemented":[34],"using":[35],"small":[37],"set":[38,80],"of":[39,45,76,81,116,124],"operations.":[41],"Consequently,":[42],"core":[44],"domain-specific":[49],"just-in-time":[50],"compiler":[51,120],"generates":[53],"custom":[54],"kernels":[57],"by":[58],"combining":[59],"user-supplied":[60],"programs":[61],"generation,":[64],"material":[65],"shading,":[66],"object":[67,112],"intersection,":[68],"scene":[70],"traversal.":[71],"This":[72],"enables":[73],"implementation":[75],"diverse":[79],"tracing-based":[83],"applications,":[86],"including":[87],"interactive":[88],"rendering,":[89,91],"offline":[90],"collision":[92],"detection":[93],"systems,":[94],"artificial":[95],"intelligence":[96],"queries,":[97],"scientific":[99],"simulations":[100],"such":[101],"as":[102],"sound":[103],"propagation.":[104],"achieves":[106],"high":[107],"performance":[108],"through":[109],"compact":[111],"model":[113,131],"application":[115],"several":[117],"tracing-specific":[119],"optimizations.":[121],"For":[122],"ease":[123],"use":[125],"it":[126],"exposes":[127],"single-ray":[129],"programming":[130],"with":[132],"full":[133],"support":[134],"recursion":[136],"dynamic":[139],"dispatch":[140],"mechanism":[141],"similar":[142],"to":[143],"virtual":[144],"function":[145],"calls.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
