{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2142926368","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2435264.2435307","title":"High throughput and programmable online trafficclassifier on FPGA","display_name":"High throughput and programmable online trafficclassifier on FPGA","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-02-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2142926368","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2435264.2435307","mag":"2142926368"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2435264.2435307","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2435264.2435307","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM/SIGDA international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042573201","display_name":"Da Tong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6631-4529"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Da Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","[University of Southern California Los, Angeles, CA, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[University of Southern California Los, Angeles, CA, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055324098","display_name":"Lu Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8126-2982"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","[University of Southern California Los, Angeles, CA, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[University of Southern California Los, Angeles, CA, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011731495","display_name":"Kiran Kumar Matam","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kiran Matam","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","[University of Southern California Los, Angeles, CA, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[University of Southern California Los, Angeles, CA, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033166029","display_name":"Viktor K. Prasanna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1609-8589"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Viktor Prasanna","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","[University of Southern California Los, Angeles, CA, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[University of Southern California Los, Angeles, CA, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042573201"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.2138,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96918739,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"255","last_page":"264"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12326","display_name":"Network Packet Processing and Optimization","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8342599868774414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.6674940586090088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6314877867698669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-classification","display_name":"Traffic classification","score":0.46876686811447144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verilog","display_name":"Verilog","score":0.45634353160858154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/byte","display_name":"Byte","score":0.4475584030151367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.4379563629627228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.42013904452323914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.4074271321296692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.40014857053756714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.34327250719070435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.34288543462753296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.33207112550735474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.17318564653396606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.15638601779937744}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8342599868774414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.6674940586090088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6314877867698669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169988225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7832484","display_name":"Traffic classification","level":3,"score":0.46876686811447144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779030575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827773","display_name":"Verilog","level":3,"score":0.45634353160858154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43364308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8799","display_name":"Byte","level":2,"score":0.4475584030151367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.4379563629627228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.42013904452323914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.4074271321296692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.40014857053756714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34327250719070435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.34288543462753296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.33207112550735474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.17318564653396606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.15638601779937744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2435264.2435307","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2435264.2435307","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM/SIGDA international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.550000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504733976","https://openalex.org/W1521553548","https://openalex.org/W1585743408","https://openalex.org/W1680392829","https://openalex.org/W2004522052","https://openalex.org/W2005802709","https://openalex.org/W2031937298","https://openalex.org/W2041855183","https://openalex.org/W2073089243","https://openalex.org/W2111868830","https://openalex.org/W2119271160","https://openalex.org/W2121973001","https://openalex.org/W2122226347","https://openalex.org/W2125055259","https://openalex.org/W2133990480","https://openalex.org/W2144098589","https://openalex.org/W2145093570","https://openalex.org/W2149274049","https://openalex.org/W2150779517","https://openalex.org/W2158215699","https://openalex.org/W4256238177"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W121858127","https://openalex.org/W2111241003","https://openalex.org/W2775143306","https://openalex.org/W4289329995","https://openalex.org/W2387264083","https://openalex.org/W2604877941","https://openalex.org/W2390885485","https://openalex.org/W2152125195","https://openalex.org/W2018792058","https://openalex.org/W4286571681"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Machine":[0],"learning":[1],"(ML)":[2],"algorithms":[3],"have":[4],"been":[5],"shown":[6],"to":[7,39,53,116,133,186,203,216,222],"be":[8,183],"effective":[9],"in":[10,109,127],"classifying":[11,85],"the":[12,107,125,177,234,238],"dynamic":[13],"internet":[14],"traffic":[15,57,66,87,194,207],"today.":[16],"Using":[17],"additional":[18],"features":[19],"and":[20,27,74,139,201,231],"sophisticated":[21],"ML":[22],"techniques":[23],"can":[24,28,154,182],"improve":[25],"accuracy":[26,81],"classify":[29],"a":[30,65,86,118,156,171,211,219,227],"broad":[31],"range":[32],"of":[33,82,90,158],"application":[34,92],"classes.":[35,93],"Realizing":[36],"such":[37],"classifiers":[38],"meet":[40],"high":[41,119,151,178],"data":[42],"rates":[43],"is":[44,114,131],"challenging.":[45],"In":[46],"this":[47],"paper,":[48],"we":[49,63,95],"propose":[50],"two":[51,100],"architectures":[52,101,198],"realize":[54],"complete":[55],"online":[56],"classifier":[58,67,98,108,126,221,228],"using":[59,99],"flow-level":[60],"features.":[61],"First,":[62],"develop":[64,210],"based":[68],"on":[69,102],"C4.5":[70],"decision":[71],"tree":[72],"algorithm":[73],"Entropy-MDL":[75],"discretization":[76],"algorithm.":[77],"It":[78,113,130,181],"achieves":[79],"an":[80],"97.92%":[83],"when":[84],"trace":[88],"consisting":[89],"eight":[91],"Next,":[94],"accelerate":[96],"our":[97,150],"FPGA.":[103],"One":[104],"architecture":[105,123,153,169],"stores":[106,124],"on-chip":[110],"distributed":[111],"RAM.":[112,129],"designed":[115,132],"sustain":[117,155],"throughput.":[120],"The":[121,224],"other":[122],"block":[128],"operate":[134],"with":[135],"small":[136],"hardware":[137,144,240],"footprint":[138],"thus":[140],"built":[141],"at":[142],"low":[143,167],"cost.":[145],"Experimental":[146],"results":[147],"show":[148],"that":[149],"throughput":[152,157,179],"$550$":[159],"Gbps":[160,189],"assuming":[161],"40":[162],"Byte":[163],"packet":[164],"size.":[165],"Our":[166],"cost":[168],"demonstrates":[170],"22%":[172],"better":[173],"resource":[174],"efficiency":[175],"than":[176],"design.":[180],"easily":[184,217],"replicated":[185],"achieve":[187],"$449$":[188],"while":[190],"supporting":[191],"160":[192],"input":[193,230],"streams":[195],"concurrently.":[196],"Both":[197],"are":[199],"parameterizable":[200],"programmable":[202],"support":[204],"any":[205],"binary-tree-based":[206,220],"classifier.":[208],"We":[209],"tool":[212,225],"which":[213],"allows":[214],"users":[215],"map":[218],"hardware.":[223],"takes":[226],"as":[229],"automatically":[232],"generates":[233],"Verilog":[235],"code":[236],"for":[237],"corresponding":[239],"architecture.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
