{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2001445689","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2432553.2432556","title":"Hindi handwritten word recognition using HMM and symbol tree","display_name":"Hindi handwritten word recognition using HMM and symbol tree","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-12-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2001445689","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2432553.2432556","mag":"2001445689"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2432553.2432556","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2432553.2432556","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceeding of the workshop on Document Analysis and Recognition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085676390","display_name":"Swapnil Belhe","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331500379","display_name":"Centre for Development of Advanced Computing","ror":"https://ror.org/022abst40","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331500379","https://openalex.org/I4210121746"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Swapnil Belhe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Pune, India","Center for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Pune, India#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Pune, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331500379"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Pune, India#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331500379"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013979465","display_name":"Chetan Paulzagade","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331500379","display_name":"Centre for Development of Advanced Computing","ror":"https://ror.org/022abst40","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331500379","https://openalex.org/I4210121746"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chetan Paulzagade","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Pune, India","Center for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Pune, India#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Pune, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331500379"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Pune, India#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331500379"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Akash Deshmukh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331500379","display_name":"Centre for Development of Advanced Computing","ror":"https://ror.org/022abst40","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331500379","https://openalex.org/I4210121746"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akash Deshmukh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Pune, India","Center for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Pune, India#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Pune, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331500379"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Pune, India#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331500379"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046489807","display_name":"Saumya Jetley","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331500379","display_name":"Centre for Development of Advanced Computing","ror":"https://ror.org/022abst40","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331500379","https://openalex.org/I4210121746"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saumya Jetley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Pune, India","Center for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Pune, India#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Pune, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331500379"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Pune, India#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331500379"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113230878","display_name":"Kapil Mehrotra","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331500379","display_name":"Centre for Development of Advanced Computing","ror":"https://ror.org/022abst40","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331500379","https://openalex.org/I4210121746"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kapil Mehrotra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Pune, India","Center for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Pune, India#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Pune, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331500379"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Pune, India#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331500379"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5553,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67268328,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"9","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/devanagari","display_name":"Devanagari","score":0.8724658489227295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hindi","display_name":"Hindi","score":0.764474093914032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7285095453262329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.7044965624809265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6907832026481628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.6830029487609863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.57866370677948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5306894779205322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symbol","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","score":0.5213354825973511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.5141065716743469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.443410724401474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-recognition","display_name":"Word recognition","score":0.4377894699573517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character-recognition","display_name":"Character recognition","score":0.2915559411048889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.144929438829422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.0814148485660553}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780144916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38592","display_name":"Devanagari","level":4,"score":0.8724658489227295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519982507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1568","display_name":"Hindi","level":2,"score":0.764474093914032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7285095453262329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.7044965624809265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6907832026481628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.6830029487609863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.57866370677948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5306894779205322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134400042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2372244","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","level":2,"score":0.5213354825973511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.5141065716743469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.443410724401474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150856459","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8034367","display_name":"Word recognition","level":3,"score":0.4377894699573517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987247673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Character recognition","level":3,"score":0.2915559411048889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.144929438829422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0814148485660553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2432553.2432556","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2432553.2432556","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceeding of the workshop on Document Analysis and Recognition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7099999785423279}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W293510857","https://openalex.org/W1963935518","https://openalex.org/W1981030463","https://openalex.org/W1992748999","https://openalex.org/W1993994668","https://openalex.org/W2021235266","https://openalex.org/W2034491537","https://openalex.org/W2053878655","https://openalex.org/W2061905691","https://openalex.org/W2070873697","https://openalex.org/W2078014205","https://openalex.org/W2102497869","https://openalex.org/W2103680566","https://openalex.org/W2105594594","https://openalex.org/W2107928582","https://openalex.org/W2108610317","https://openalex.org/W2110769497","https://openalex.org/W2113746491","https://openalex.org/W2125694880","https://openalex.org/W2130851192","https://openalex.org/W2136036030","https://openalex.org/W2143321267","https://openalex.org/W2143753382","https://openalex.org/W2144050596","https://openalex.org/W2157466010","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2166937593","https://openalex.org/W2277406607","https://openalex.org/W4289821946"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2116723849","https://openalex.org/W2378163330","https://openalex.org/W4391420868","https://openalex.org/W4309803833","https://openalex.org/W4255465161","https://openalex.org/W4205661166","https://openalex.org/W2793648870","https://openalex.org/W4365515026","https://openalex.org/W2605986138","https://openalex.org/W2894465708"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"proposed":[1],"approach":[2],"performs":[3],"recognition":[4],"of":[5,14,29],"online":[6],"handwritten":[7],"isolated":[8],"Hindi":[9],"words":[10],"using":[11],"a":[12,21],"combination":[13],"HMMs":[15],"trained":[16],"on":[17],"Devanagari":[18],"symbols":[19],"and":[20],"tree":[22],"formed":[23],"by":[24],"the":[25],"multiple,":[26],"possible":[27],"sequences":[28],"recognized":[30],"symbols.":[31]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
