{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2125083487","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2431211.2431216","title":"Virtualization","display_name":"Virtualization","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2125083487","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2431211.2431216","mag":"2125083487"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2431211.2431216","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2431211.2431216","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101729519","display_name":"Michael Pearce","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9764-1167"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185492890","display_name":"University of Canterbury","ror":"https://ror.org/03y7q9t39","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael Pearce","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand","; The University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"; The University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108093247","display_name":"Sherali Zeadally","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174612323","display_name":"University of the District of Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/037wegn60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174612323"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sherali Zeadally","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of The District of Columbia, Washington, DC","University of the District of Columbia, Washington, DC"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of The District of Columbia, Washington, DC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174612323"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of the District of Columbia, Washington, DC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174612323"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078626253","display_name":"Ray Hunt","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185492890","display_name":"University of Canterbury","ror":"https://ror.org/03y7q9t39","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ray Hunt","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand","; The University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"; The University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101729519"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185492890"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":35.5864,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":191,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99763586,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"39"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8701702356338501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/full-virtualization","display_name":"Full virtualization","score":0.8254038095474243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtualization","display_name":"Virtualization","score":0.8000062704086304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypervisor","display_name":"Hypervisor","score":0.7647782564163208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-virtualization","display_name":"Hardware virtualization","score":0.7455854415893555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-machine","display_name":"Virtual machine","score":0.6152662038803101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/application-virtualization","display_name":"Application virtualization","score":0.6085947155952454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.5548037886619568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.4964352250099182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.4906074106693268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-virtualization","display_name":"Service virtualization","score":0.48734578490257263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.36377954483032227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3489070534706116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.33533215522766113}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8701702356338501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47878483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848333","display_name":"Full virtualization","level":4,"score":0.8254038095474243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513985346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270471","display_name":"Virtualization","level":3,"score":0.8000062704086304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112904061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1077480","display_name":"Hypervisor","level":4,"score":0.7647782564163208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68793194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1616095","display_name":"Hardware virtualization","level":5,"score":0.7455854415893555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.6152662038803101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13062989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q651531","display_name":"Application virtualization","level":5,"score":0.6085947155952454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5548037886619568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.4964352250099182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.4906074106693268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22502294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17149844","display_name":"Service virtualization","level":5,"score":0.48734578490257263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.36377954483032227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3489070534706116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.33533215522766113}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2431211.2431216","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2431211.2431216","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157921468","display_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","issn_l":"0360-0300","issn":["0360-0300","1557-7341"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Computing Surveys","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":105,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W23711711","https://openalex.org/W29062075","https://openalex.org/W36092891","https://openalex.org/W78162143","https://openalex.org/W155220850","https://openalex.org/W199443270","https://openalex.org/W573378390","https://openalex.org/W1479775273","https://openalex.org/W1494319617","https://openalex.org/W1504669610","https://openalex.org/W1518891319","https://openalex.org/W1525468285","https://openalex.org/W1558464214","https://openalex.org/W1593631129","https://openalex.org/W1594144538","https://openalex.org/W1603107953","https://openalex.org/W1603573844","https://openalex.org/W1611570974","https://openalex.org/W1641762327","https://openalex.org/W1679077750","https://openalex.org/W1729172517","https://openalex.org/W1775664482","https://openalex.org/W1829813581","https://openalex.org/W1847558725","https://openalex.org/W1968632081","https://openalex.org/W1968637525","https://openalex.org/W1977505295","https://openalex.org/W1982593526","https://openalex.org/W1989086707","https://openalex.org/W1991529287","https://openalex.org/W1991968423","https://openalex.org/W1996928355","https://openalex.org/W1997129731","https://openalex.org/W2000883815","https://openalex.org/W2006816934","https://openalex.org/W2010266392","https://openalex.org/W2015681217","https://openalex.org/W2017573886","https://openalex.org/W2020369460","https://openalex.org/W2023580321","https://openalex.org/W2025420305","https://openalex.org/W2029224396","https://openalex.org/W2032360726","https://openalex.org/W2037021208","https://openalex.org/W2037061317","https://openalex.org/W2057343856","https://openalex.org/W2065834847","https://openalex.org/W2065895322","https://openalex.org/W2073077971","https://openalex.org/W2082988715","https://openalex.org/W2087243126","https://openalex.org/W2088402484","https://openalex.org/W2096626772","https://openalex.org/W2097015782","https://openalex.org/W2103794390","https://openalex.org/W2104182023","https://openalex.org/W2105982560","https://openalex.org/W2108440717","https://openalex.org/W2109026747","https://openalex.org/W2109412974","https://openalex.org/W2109540106","https://openalex.org/W2115456330","https://openalex.org/W2117648703","https://openalex.org/W2117882778","https://openalex.org/W2119028650","https://openalex.org/W2119982986","https://openalex.org/W2120613728","https://openalex.org/W2121603762","https://openalex.org/W2122012536","https://openalex.org/W2123022344","https://openalex.org/W2124365587","https://openalex.org/W2124394873","https://openalex.org/W2125895608","https://openalex.org/W2131726714","https://openalex.org/W2131943435","https://openalex.org/W2134807578","https://openalex.org/W2136290019","https://openalex.org/W2138830053","https://openalex.org/W2140807364","https://openalex.org/W2149886445","https://openalex.org/W2150709728","https://openalex.org/W2151182669","https://openalex.org/W2158390457","https://openalex.org/W2159265516","https://openalex.org/W2159807663","https://openalex.org/W2161212857","https://openalex.org/W2166004296","https://openalex.org/W2166293920","https://openalex.org/W2168084064","https://openalex.org/W2168760272","https://openalex.org/W2170510882","https://openalex.org/W2187518852","https://openalex.org/W2277781126","https://openalex.org/W2295390884","https://openalex.org/W2463788756","https://openalex.org/W2765965862","https://openalex.org/W2914982603","https://openalex.org/W4205241946","https://openalex.org/W4206796831","https://openalex.org/W4240429321","https://openalex.org/W4241773843","https://openalex.org/W4244704438","https://openalex.org/W4254724380","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W7052657850"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1606290493","https://openalex.org/W2462146643","https://openalex.org/W2608663509","https://openalex.org/W5444499","https://openalex.org/W2772233455","https://openalex.org/W3157860010","https://openalex.org/W759120778","https://openalex.org/W1974531909","https://openalex.org/W2065933154","https://openalex.org/W2098400606"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"system":[1,17,24,72,179],"virtualization":[2,52,152,163],"is":[3,13,112,122],"not":[4,123,176],"a":[5,20,38,119,139,264],"new":[6,183],"paradigm,":[7],"the":[8,26,41,54,75,103,107,115,126,129,157,237],"way":[9],"in":[10,15,34,185],"which":[11,29,66,111,245],"it":[12],"used":[14],"modern":[16],"architectures":[18],"provides":[19,74,99],"powerful":[21],"platform":[22],"for":[23,227,253],"building,":[25],"advantages":[27],"of":[28,40,44,56,128,142,146,162,266],"have":[30,165],"only":[31],"been":[32],"realized":[33],"recent":[35],"years,":[36],"as":[37,197,218],"result":[39],"rapid":[42],"deployment":[43,161],"commodity":[45],"hardware":[46,116],"and":[47,73,79,148,160,171,221,231,240,250],"software":[48,59,104],"systems.":[49],"In":[50],"principle,":[51],"involves":[53],"use":[55],"an":[57,70,86,94,100],"encapsulating":[58],"layer":[60],"(Hypervisor":[61],"or":[62,68,206],"Virtual":[63,96],"Machine":[64,97],"Monitor)":[65],"surrounds":[67],"underlies":[69],"operating":[71],"same":[76],"inputs,":[77],"outputs,":[78],"behavior":[80],"that":[81,93,269],"would":[82],"be":[83,136,259,271],"expected":[84],"from":[85,114],"actual":[87],"physical":[88,130,147],"device.":[89],"This":[90],"abstraction":[91],"means":[92],"ideal":[95],"Monitor":[98],"environment":[101],"to":[102,106,178,187,194,273],"equivalent":[105],"host":[108],"system,":[109],"but":[110],"decoupled":[113],"state.":[117],"Because":[118],"virtual":[120,133,219],"machine":[121],"dependent":[124],"on":[125,138,182],"state":[127],"hardware,":[131],"multiple":[132],"machines":[134],"may":[135],"installed":[137],"single":[140],"set":[141,265],"hardware.":[143],"The":[144],"decoupling":[145],"logical":[149],"states":[150],"gives":[151],"inherent":[153],"security":[154,172,200,238,246],"benefits.":[155],"However,":[156],"design,":[158],"implementation,":[159],"technology":[164],"also":[166],"opened":[167],"up":[168],"novel":[169],"threats":[170],"issues":[173,226],"which,":[174],"while":[175],"particular":[177],"virtualization,":[180],"take":[181],"forms":[184],"relation":[186],"it.":[188],"Reverse":[189],"engineering":[190],"becomes":[191],"easier":[192],"due":[193],"introspection":[195],"capabilities,":[196],"encryption":[198],"keys,":[199],"algorithms,":[201],"low-level":[202],"protection,":[203],"intrusion":[204,229],"detection,":[205],"antidebugging":[207],"measures":[208],"can":[209,223,248,257,270],"become":[210],"more":[211],"easily":[212],"compromised.":[213],"Furthermore,":[214],"associated":[215,232,242],"technologies":[216],"such":[217],"routing":[220],"networking":[222],"create":[224],"challenging":[225],"security,":[228],"control,":[230],"forensic":[233],"processes.":[234],"We":[235],"explain":[236],"considerations":[239],"some":[241],"methodologies":[243],"by":[244],"breaches":[247],"occur,":[249],"offer":[251,263],"recommendations":[252,268],"how":[254],"virtualized":[255,276],"environments":[256],"best":[258],"protected.":[260],"Finally,":[261],"we":[262],"generalized":[267],"applied":[272],"achieve":[274],"secure":[275],"implementations.":[277]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
