{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2142778065","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2420950.2420995","title":"Securing untrusted code via compiler-agnostic binary rewriting","display_name":"Securing untrusted code via compiler-agnostic binary rewriting","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-12-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2142778065","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2420950.2420995","mag":"2142778065"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2420950.2420995","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2420950.2420995","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 28th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045483742","display_name":"Richard Wartell","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Wartell","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Vishwath Mohan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vishwath Mohan","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051312448","display_name":"Kevin W. Hamlen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0479-6280"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin W. Hamlen","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026864098","display_name":"Zhiqiang Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6527-5994"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiqiang Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.6839,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":64,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95908548,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"299","last_page":"308"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9811999797821045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8345314264297485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rewriting","display_name":"Rewriting","score":0.6842796802520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.6438140869140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-code","display_name":"Machine code","score":0.5914186239242554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debugging","display_name":"Debugging","score":0.5458394289016724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.5057535171508789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.5038427710533142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypervisor","display_name":"Hypervisor","score":0.4720773696899414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.456802099943161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.44841235876083374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4455217719078064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtualization","display_name":"Virtualization","score":0.1469654142856598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.1259797215461731}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8345314264297485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154690210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1668499","display_name":"Rewriting","level":2,"score":0.6842796802520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.6438140869140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115168132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55813","display_name":"Machine code","level":3,"score":0.5914186239242554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168065819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845566","display_name":"Debugging","level":2,"score":0.5458394289016724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.5057535171508789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5038427710533142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112904061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1077480","display_name":"Hypervisor","level":4,"score":0.4720773696899414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.456802099943161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.44841235876083374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4455217719078064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513985346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270471","display_name":"Virtualization","level":3,"score":0.1469654142856598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.1259797215461731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2420950.2420995","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2420950.2420995","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 28th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.376.663","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.376.663","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.utdallas.edu/~kxh060100/wartell12acsac.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.644.9546","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.644.9546","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.929.3882","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.929.3882","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://diyhpl.us/%7Ebryan/papers2/security/Securing%20Untrusted%20Code%20via%20Compiler-Agnostic%20Binary%20Rewriting.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5099999904632568,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22858107","https://openalex.org/W186343359","https://openalex.org/W1516211918","https://openalex.org/W1541195458","https://openalex.org/W1563300346","https://openalex.org/W1585630533","https://openalex.org/W1603231416","https://openalex.org/W1606518565","https://openalex.org/W1655226010","https://openalex.org/W1813040609","https://openalex.org/W1985929316","https://openalex.org/W2006611045","https://openalex.org/W2034711041","https://openalex.org/W2036910349","https://openalex.org/W2062340141","https://openalex.org/W2074943483","https://openalex.org/W2079029390","https://openalex.org/W2081768685","https://openalex.org/W2105349588","https://openalex.org/W2105904466","https://openalex.org/W2108528485","https://openalex.org/W2111306891","https://openalex.org/W2117115928","https://openalex.org/W2117479921","https://openalex.org/W2121468041","https://openalex.org/W2121579803","https://openalex.org/W2123436168","https://openalex.org/W2123553986","https://openalex.org/W2148686658","https://openalex.org/W2156456150","https://openalex.org/W2159059513","https://openalex.org/W2159948584","https://openalex.org/W2162800072","https://openalex.org/W2168843528","https://openalex.org/W2186097083","https://openalex.org/W6630877225","https://openalex.org/W6633875382","https://openalex.org/W6678302136","https://openalex.org/W6678483193"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2401656370","https://openalex.org/W2896807552","https://openalex.org/W2120204135","https://openalex.org/W1796293478","https://openalex.org/W2162787360","https://openalex.org/W2743511463","https://openalex.org/W94304979","https://openalex.org/W2240600741","https://openalex.org/W4252444451","https://openalex.org/W200304987"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Binary":[0],"code":[1,51],"from":[2,44],"untrusted":[3,34,107],"sources":[4],"remains":[5],"one":[6],"of":[7,49,70,92,112],"the":[8,47,68],"primary":[9],"vehicles":[10],"for":[11,114,124],"malicious":[12],"software":[13],"attacks.":[14],"This":[15,83],"paper":[16],"presents":[17],"Reins,":[18],"a":[19,61,125],"new,":[20],"more":[21],"general,":[22],"and":[23,27,32,66,122,128],"lighter-weight":[24],"binary":[25,35],"rewriting":[26,101],"in-lining":[28],"system":[29],"to":[30,88,102,136],"tame":[31],"secure":[33],"programs.":[36],"Unlike":[37],"traditional":[38],"monitors,":[39],"Reins":[40,96,113],"requires":[41,55],"no":[42,56],"cooperation":[43],"code-producers":[45],"in":[46],"form":[48],"source":[50],"or":[52,64],"debugging":[53],"symbols,":[54],"client-side":[57],"support":[58],"infrastructure":[59],"(e.g.,":[60],"virtual":[62],"machine":[63],"hypervisor),":[65],"preserves":[67],"behavior":[69],"even":[71],"complex,":[72],"event-driven,":[73],"x86":[74],"native":[75],"COTS":[76],"binaries":[77],"generated":[78],"by":[79,95],"aggressively":[80],"optimizing":[81],"compilers.":[82],"makes":[84],"it":[85,119],"exceptionally":[86],"easy":[87],"deploy.":[89],"The":[90],"safety":[91],"programs":[93],"rewritten":[94,137],"is":[97,120],"independently":[98],"machine-verifiable,":[99],"allowing":[100],"be":[103],"deployed":[104],"as":[105],"an":[106],"third-party":[108],"service.":[109],"An":[110],"implementation":[111],"Microsoft":[115],"Windows":[116],"demonstrates":[117],"that":[118],"effective":[121],"practical":[123],"real-world":[126],"OS":[127],"architecture,":[129],"introducing":[130],"only":[131],"about":[132],"2.4%":[133],"runtime":[134],"overhead":[135],"binaries.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}