{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1988111369","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2414456.2414460","title":"Virtual browser","display_name":"Virtual browser","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-05-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1988111369","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2414456.2414460","mag":"1988111369"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2414456.2414460","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2414456.2414460","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 7th ACM Symposium on Information, Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070605476","display_name":"Yinzhi Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9618-4830"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinzhi Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University, Evanston, IL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University, Evanston, IL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091296600","display_name":"Zhichun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1451-0904"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhichun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["NEC Research Labs, Princeton, NJ","NEC Research Labs, Princeton, NJ#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NEC Research Labs, Princeton, NJ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NEC Research Labs, Princeton, NJ#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022692156","display_name":"Vaibhav Rastogi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7124-5871"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vaibhav Rastogi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University, Evanston, IL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University, Evanston, IL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100378166","display_name":"Yan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4103-1498"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University, Evanston, IL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University, Evanston, IL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103563323","display_name":"Xitao Wen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xitao Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University, Evanston, IL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University, Evanston, IL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1621,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87966561,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"8","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12479","display_name":"Web Application Security Vulnerabilities","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12479","display_name":"Web Application Security Vulnerabilities","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/javascript","display_name":"JavaScript","score":0.8373364210128784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8171804547309875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sandbox","display_name":"Sandbox (software development)","score":0.6566305160522461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scripting-language","display_name":"Scripting language","score":0.5956069231033325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.5529980063438416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/third-party","display_name":"Third party","score":0.5426048040390015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.5372661352157593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.49711182713508606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parsing","display_name":"Parsing","score":0.48112884163856506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-application","display_name":"Web application","score":0.4618161916732788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/client-side-scripting","display_name":"Client-side scripting","score":0.4450925588607788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/host","display_name":"Host (biology)","score":0.42808234691619873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.28742802143096924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.25986212491989136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.2581135332584381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-server","display_name":"Web server","score":0.25782912969589233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-api","display_name":"Web API","score":0.25080758333206177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.20670366287231445}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544833334","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2005","display_name":"JavaScript","level":2,"score":0.8373364210128784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8171804547309875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167981075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2667186","display_name":"Sandbox (software development)","level":2,"score":0.6566305160522461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61423126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187432","display_name":"Scripting language","level":2,"score":0.5956069231033325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.5529980063438416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983583741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16785388","display_name":"Third party","level":2,"score":0.5426048040390015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.5372661352157593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.49711182713508606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186644900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194152","display_name":"Parsing","level":2,"score":0.48112884163856506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118643609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189210","display_name":"Web application","level":2,"score":0.4618161916732788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195274430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1650567","display_name":"Client-side scripting","level":5,"score":0.4450925588607788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126831891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221673","display_name":"Host (biology)","level":2,"score":0.42808234691619873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.28742802143096924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.25986212491989136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.2581135332584381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11392498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11288","display_name":"Web server","level":3,"score":0.25782912969589233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127613066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557770","display_name":"Web API","level":4,"score":0.25080758333206177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.20670366287231445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2414456.2414460","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2414456.2414460","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 7th ACM Symposium on Information, Computer and Communications Security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W36927914","https://openalex.org/W1486603200","https://openalex.org/W1515981325","https://openalex.org/W1543478129","https://openalex.org/W1554476771","https://openalex.org/W1983142587","https://openalex.org/W1988111369","https://openalex.org/W1989161925","https://openalex.org/W2003189607","https://openalex.org/W2022724458","https://openalex.org/W2060857434","https://openalex.org/W2062340141","https://openalex.org/W2083785453","https://openalex.org/W2122847456","https://openalex.org/W2123582298","https://openalex.org/W2126040767","https://openalex.org/W2126461222","https://openalex.org/W2129596343","https://openalex.org/W2132733485","https://openalex.org/W2166406630","https://openalex.org/W2170920217","https://openalex.org/W2405466026","https://openalex.org/W2752929869"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2034129977","https://openalex.org/W1745773915","https://openalex.org/W2765820957","https://openalex.org/W4387456547","https://openalex.org/W4367595269","https://openalex.org/W923172598","https://openalex.org/W1965995882","https://openalex.org/W2614015876","https://openalex.org/W2214197538","https://openalex.org/W2337406499"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Third":[0],"party":[1,62,82],"JavaScripts":[2,83],"not":[3],"only":[4,57],"offer":[5],"much":[6],"richer":[7],"features":[8],"to":[9,32,37,68,102],"the":[10,29,45,95],"web":[11,34],"and":[12,26,40,64],"its":[13],"applications":[14],"but":[15],"also":[16],"introduce":[17],"new":[18],"threats.":[19],"These":[20],"scripts":[21],"cannot":[22],"be":[23],"completely":[24],"trusted":[25],"executed":[27],"with":[28],"privileges":[30],"given":[31],"host":[33],"sites.":[35],"Due":[36],"incomplete":[38],"virtualization":[39],"lack":[41],"of":[42,60],"tracking":[43],"all":[44,48],"data":[46],"flows,":[47],"existing":[49],"approaches":[50,78],"without":[51,88],"native":[52,98,107],"sandbox":[53],"support":[54],"can":[55],"secure":[56],"a":[58],"subset":[59],"third":[61,81],"JavaScripts,":[63],"they":[65],"are":[66,100],"vulnerable":[67,101],"attacks":[69,103],"encoded":[70],"in":[71],"non-standard":[72,91],"HTML/-JavaScript":[73],"(browser":[74],"quirks)":[75],"as":[76],"these":[77],"will":[79],"parse":[80],"independently":[84],"at":[85],"server":[86],"side":[87],"considering":[89],"client-side":[90],"parsing":[92],"quirks.":[93],"At":[94],"same":[96],"time,":[97],"sandboxes":[99],"based":[104],"on":[105],"unknown":[106],"JavaScript":[108],"engine":[109],"bugs.":[110]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}