{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2140100092","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2413176.2413183","title":"PAST","display_name":"PAST","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-12-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2140100092","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2413176.2413183","mag":"2140100092"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2413176.2413183","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2413176.2413183","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Emerging networking experiments and technologies","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057935956","display_name":"Brent Stephens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0177-6703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74775410","display_name":"Rice University","ror":"https://ror.org/008zs3103","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Brent Stephens","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rice University, Houston, TX, USA","Rice Univ., Houston, TX, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rice University, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rice Univ., Houston, TX, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034020280","display_name":"Alan L. Cox","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4904-9600"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74775410","display_name":"Rice University","ror":"https://ror.org/008zs3103","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan Cox","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rice University, Houston, TX, USA","Rice Univ., Houston, TX, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rice University, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rice Univ., Houston, TX, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109035532","display_name":"Wes Felter","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156936","display_name":"IBM Research - Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/05gjbbg60","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210156936"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wes Felter","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research, Austin, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156936"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060937167","display_name":"Colin Dixon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156936","display_name":"IBM Research - Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/05gjbbg60","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210156936"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Colin Dixon","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research, Austin, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156936"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104038874","display_name":"John Carter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5333-0770"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156936","display_name":"IBM Research - Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/05gjbbg60","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210156936"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Carter","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research, Austin, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156936"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057935956"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":20.0659,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":154,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99511135,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"49","last_page":"60"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7833516597747803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.7594245672225952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/openflow","display_name":"OpenFlow","score":0.7118467688560486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firmware","display_name":"Firmware","score":0.5997541546821594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5337247848510742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethernet","display_name":"Ethernet","score":0.5337055325508118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ata-over-ethernet","display_name":"ATA over Ethernet","score":0.5223925113677979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.502424955368042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-tcp","display_name":"Multipath TCP","score":0.4861266613006592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carrier-ethernet","display_name":"Carrier Ethernet","score":0.4807591140270233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gigabit-ethernet","display_name":"Gigabit Ethernet","score":0.4566378593444824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethernet-flow-control","display_name":"Ethernet flow control","score":0.43289855122566223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronous-ethernet","display_name":"Synchronous Ethernet","score":0.4175001382827759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3891774117946625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.3810718059539795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.36443376541137695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-defined-networking","display_name":"Software-defined networking","score":0.3362904191017151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.17182034254074097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.14687982201576233}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7833516597747803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.7594245672225952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192697461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4045918","display_name":"OpenFlow","level":3,"score":0.7118467688560486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67212190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104851","display_name":"Firmware","level":2,"score":0.5997541546821594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5337247848510742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172173386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79984","display_name":"Ethernet","level":2,"score":0.5337055325508118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60665866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q298746","display_name":"ATA over Ethernet","level":4,"score":0.5223925113677979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.502424955368042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779166880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14947831","display_name":"Multipath TCP","level":4,"score":0.4861266613006592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151898751","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5046350","display_name":"Carrier Ethernet","level":3,"score":0.4807591140270233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776379158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069084","display_name":"Gigabit Ethernet","level":3,"score":0.4566378593444824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68178114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5403359","display_name":"Ethernet flow control","level":3,"score":0.43289855122566223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205215620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7662206","display_name":"Synchronous Ethernet","level":3,"score":0.4175001382827759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3891774117946625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.3810718059539795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.36443376541137695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77270119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1655198","display_name":"Software-defined networking","level":2,"score":0.3362904191017151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.17182034254074097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.14687982201576233}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2413176.2413183","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2413176.2413183","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Emerging networking experiments and technologies","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W174578849","https://openalex.org/W1501077214","https://openalex.org/W1515106148","https://openalex.org/W1529394813","https://openalex.org/W1560852713","https://openalex.org/W1698388015","https://openalex.org/W2025177582","https://openalex.org/W2062832101","https://openalex.org/W2096811399","https://openalex.org/W2097882016","https://openalex.org/W2104643391","https://openalex.org/W2114368344","https://openalex.org/W2114497163","https://openalex.org/W2115546448","https://openalex.org/W2115708111","https://openalex.org/W2117235019","https://openalex.org/W2119246371","https://openalex.org/W2123016589","https://openalex.org/W2126139442","https://openalex.org/W2130531694","https://openalex.org/W2136312807","https://openalex.org/W2156496677","https://openalex.org/W2157614013","https://openalex.org/W2163769126","https://openalex.org/W2164740236","https://openalex.org/W2167325396","https://openalex.org/W2169160296","https://openalex.org/W2169466806","https://openalex.org/W2182521281","https://openalex.org/W2294599239","https://openalex.org/W2400388873","https://openalex.org/W4205128732","https://openalex.org/W4237515752","https://openalex.org/W4242648275","https://openalex.org/W4247842874","https://openalex.org/W4252202059","https://openalex.org/W4253729210","https://openalex.org/W6675849335","https://openalex.org/W6684402220"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3204031784","https://openalex.org/W2077403416","https://openalex.org/W2390783843","https://openalex.org/W2103403705","https://openalex.org/W2173059819","https://openalex.org/W113284586","https://openalex.org/W28929208","https://openalex.org/W3042553309","https://openalex.org/W1531471580","https://openalex.org/W2389146718"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,99,122],"present":[1],"PAST,":[2],"a":[3,14],"novel":[4],"network":[5],"architecture":[6],"for":[7,94],"data":[8],"center":[9],"Ethernet":[10,44,97],"networks":[11],"that":[12,50,111],"implements":[13],"Per-Address":[15],"Spanning":[16],"Tree":[17],"routing":[18],"algorithm.":[19],"PAST":[20,34,51,101,129],"preserves":[21],"Ethernet's":[22],"self-configuration":[23],"and":[24,31,43,82,106,109],"mobility":[25],"support":[26],"while":[27],"increasing":[28],"its":[29],"scalability":[30],"usable":[32],"bandwidth.":[33],"is":[35,65,113],"explicitly":[36],"designed":[37],"to":[38,56,68,115],"accommodate":[39],"unmodified":[40],"commodity":[41],"hosts":[42],"switch":[45],"chips.":[46],"Surprisingly,":[47],"we":[48],"find":[49],"can":[52],"achieve":[53],"performance":[54],"comparable":[55],"or":[57],"greater":[58],"than":[59],"Equal-Cost":[60],"Multipath":[61],"(ECMP)":[62],"forwarding,":[63],"which":[64],"currently":[66],"limited":[67],"layer-3":[69],"IP":[70],"networks,":[71],"without":[72],"any":[73],"multipath":[74],"hardware":[75,81],"support.":[76],"In":[77],"other":[78],"words,":[79],"the":[80,118],"firmware":[83],"changes":[84],"proposed":[85],"by":[86],"emerging":[87],"standards":[88],"like":[89],"TRILL":[90],"are":[91],"not":[92],"required":[93],"high-performance,":[95],"scalable":[96],"networks.":[98],"evaluate":[100],"on":[102,117],"Fat":[103],"Tree,":[104],"HyperX,":[105],"Jellyfish":[107],"topologies,":[108],"show":[110],"it":[112],"able":[114],"capitalize":[116],"advantages":[119],"each":[120],"offers.":[121],"also":[123],"describe":[124],"an":[125],"OpenFlow-based":[126],"implementation":[127],"of":[128],"in":[130],"detail.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}