{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2021097945","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2412096.2412100","title":"How expensive are free smartphone apps?","display_name":"How expensive are free smartphone apps?","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-12-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2021097945","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2412096.2412100","mag":"2021097945"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2412096.2412100","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2412096.2412100","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36560696","display_name":"ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review","issn_l":"1559-1662","issn":["1559-1662","1931-1222"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100425418","display_name":"Li Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6288-2078"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of California, Davis, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of California, Davis, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008774590","display_name":"Dhruv Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4039-0416"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dhruv Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of California, Davis, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of California, Davis, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086439160","display_name":"Prasant Mohapatra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2768-5308"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prasant Mohapatra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of California, Davis, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of California, Davis, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7008,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90528027,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"3","first_page":"21","last_page":"32"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12238","display_name":"Green IT and Sustainability","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12238","display_name":"Green IT and Sustainability","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9728000164031982,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8119821548461914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.7393316030502319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/popularity","display_name":"Popularity","score":0.7332339882850647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upload","display_name":"Upload","score":0.7111800312995911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/revenue","display_name":"Revenue","score":0.6971482038497925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pace","display_name":"Pace","score":0.5599295496940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.42628195881843567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3861825466156006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.2457076907157898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.10372540354728699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.09868177771568298}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8119821548461914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.7393316030502319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357284","display_name":"Popularity","level":2,"score":0.7332339882850647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71901391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7126699","display_name":"Upload","level":2,"score":0.7111800312995911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195487862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850210","display_name":"Revenue","level":2,"score":0.6971482038497925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777526511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691543","display_name":"Pace","level":2,"score":0.5599295496940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.42628195881843567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3861825466156006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2457076907157898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.10372540354728699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.09868177771568298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2412096.2412100","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2412096.2412100","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36560696","display_name":"ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review","issn_l":"1559-1662","issn":["1559-1662","1931-1222"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980443310","https://openalex.org/W1983750266","https://openalex.org/W1993158854","https://openalex.org/W1994588724","https://openalex.org/W2049577911","https://openalex.org/W2067481044","https://openalex.org/W2068161698","https://openalex.org/W2087804676","https://openalex.org/W2090420215","https://openalex.org/W2114275288","https://openalex.org/W2122170512","https://openalex.org/W2128404326","https://openalex.org/W2136334324","https://openalex.org/W2158888459"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2368605798","https://openalex.org/W2518037665","https://openalex.org/W2348524959","https://openalex.org/W2477036161","https://openalex.org/W2368049389","https://openalex.org/W2384861574","https://openalex.org/W2170801710","https://openalex.org/W2952704802","https://openalex.org/W4294565801","https://openalex.org/W2945899969"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Proliferation":[0],"of":[1,9,38,59,83,119,131,141,148,155,169,176,180,205,226,234,247],"data-enabled":[2],"mobile":[3],"devices":[4],"has":[5],"fueled":[6],"the":[7,18,25,30,34,57,61,64,94,101,107,117,120,128,132,139,145,152,159,174,177,181,189,202,206,210,223,227,235,238,244,248],"popularity":[8],"smartphone":[10,50],"applications":[11],"(apps)":[12],"at":[13],"a":[14,232],"rapid":[15],"pace,":[16],"and":[17,36,41,123,138,185,200],"trend":[19],"is":[20,44,98,113,172],"likely":[21],"to":[22,106,237,243],"continue":[23],"for":[24,75,165,198],"foreseeable":[26],"future.":[27],"Along":[28],"with":[29,104,116,188,209],"increase":[31],"in":[32,220],"popularity,":[33],"characteristics":[35],"concept":[37],"paid":[39,49,108,190,224],"apps":[40,43,51,68,103,184,228],"free":[42,67,102,183,211,249],"also":[45],"changing.":[46],"In":[47,87],"general,":[48],"generate":[52],"their":[53,76],"revenue":[54,77],"simply":[55],"from":[56],"cost":[58,175,236,246],"downloading":[60],"app.":[62],"On":[63],"other":[65],"hand,":[66],"rely":[69],"on":[70,92],"advertisements,":[71,137],"and/or":[72],"virtual":[73],"currencies,":[74],"generation.":[78],"There":[79],"are":[80],"several":[81],"variants":[82],"these":[84],"generalized":[85],"approaches.":[86],"this":[88,170],"work,":[89],"we":[90,135,216],"focus":[91],"identifying":[93,199],"overhead":[95,111,149,160,178],"traffic":[96,112,161,179],"that":[97,219],"generated":[99],"by":[100],"respect":[105],"apps.":[109,133,191,212],"The":[110,167],"not":[114,126,163],"associated":[115,208],"operation":[118],"app":[121],"itself":[122],"thus":[124],"should":[125],"impact":[127],"usage":[129],"experience":[130],"Specifically,":[134],"consider":[136],"transmission":[140],"analytic":[142],"data,":[143],"as":[144],"main":[146],"components":[147],"traffic.":[150],"With":[151],"gradual":[153],"disappearance":[154],"unlimited":[156],"data":[157],"plans,":[158],"does":[162],"come":[164],"free.":[166],"goal":[168],"paper":[171],"quantify":[173],"popular":[182],"compare":[186],"it":[187],"We":[192],"have":[193,217],"developed":[194],"an":[195],"intricate":[196],"methodology":[197],"measuring":[201],"bandwidth":[203],"requirements":[204],"overheads":[207],"Through":[213],"comprehensive":[214],"measurements,":[215],"shown":[218],"most":[221],"cases,":[222],"versions":[225],"will":[229],"indeed":[230],"be":[231],"fraction":[233],"end":[239],"users":[240],"when":[241],"compared":[242],"actual":[245],"versions.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
