{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1989696200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2401796.2401812","title":"The gap between knowledge and ability","display_name":"The gap between knowledge and ability","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-11-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1989696200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2401796.2401812","mag":"1989696200"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2401796.2401812","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2401796.2401812","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 12th Koli Calling International Conference on Computing Education Research","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005173459","display_name":"Marc Berges","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9982-547X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc Berges","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universit\u00e4t, M\u00fcnchen, Garching, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit\u00e4t, M\u00fcnchen, Garching, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006828222","display_name":"Andreas M\u00fchling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6396-3491"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas M\u00fchling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universit\u00e4t, M\u00fcnchen, Garching, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit\u00e4t, M\u00fcnchen, Garching, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014923810","display_name":"Peter Hubwieser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1436-891X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Hubwieser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technische Universit\u00e4t, M\u00fcnchen, Garching, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technische Universit\u00e4t, M\u00fcnchen, Garching, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2856,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81124333,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"126","last_page":"134"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10636","display_name":"Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12171","display_name":"Open Education and E-Learning","score":0.9850999712944031,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.748731255531311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-oriented-programming","display_name":"Object-oriented programming","score":0.601068377494812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/course","display_name":"Course (navigation)","score":0.5963254570960999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5806119441986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.5256715416908264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-code","display_name":"Program code","score":0.41415172815322876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3799861967563629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.3784472346305847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2937775254249573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.20318502187728882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.1333305537700653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08551165461540222}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.748731255531311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73752529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79872","display_name":"Object-oriented programming","level":2,"score":0.601068377494812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777552389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1962728","display_name":"Course (navigation)","level":2,"score":0.5963254570960999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5806119441986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.5256715416908264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988963302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629206","display_name":"Program code","level":2,"score":0.41415172815322876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3799861967563629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.3784472346305847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2937775254249573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.20318502187728882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.1333305537700653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08551165461540222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2401796.2401812","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2401796.2401812","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 12th Koli Calling International Conference on Computing Education Research","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8100000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W343465131","https://openalex.org/W1865788260","https://openalex.org/W1964409128","https://openalex.org/W1991116808","https://openalex.org/W2003970683","https://openalex.org/W2007645058","https://openalex.org/W2040888129","https://openalex.org/W2075562813","https://openalex.org/W2078776995","https://openalex.org/W2093483478","https://openalex.org/W2101814172","https://openalex.org/W2103146679","https://openalex.org/W2109520478","https://openalex.org/W2116817443","https://openalex.org/W2127757021","https://openalex.org/W2130066447","https://openalex.org/W2134917048","https://openalex.org/W2135814321","https://openalex.org/W2154115366","https://openalex.org/W2167163245","https://openalex.org/W2169750454","https://openalex.org/W2203444102","https://openalex.org/W2303413189","https://openalex.org/W2361306005","https://openalex.org/W2403171687","https://openalex.org/W4230879874","https://openalex.org/W4233123856","https://openalex.org/W4387839554"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2109023666","https://openalex.org/W3142405157","https://openalex.org/W236705921","https://openalex.org/W173415492","https://openalex.org/W2370266886","https://openalex.org/W3127561149","https://openalex.org/W2379638450","https://openalex.org/W2373724792","https://openalex.org/W2145097403","https://openalex.org/W4244014535"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,25],"present":[1],"the":[2,27,31,39,55,96,118],"results":[3],"of":[4,33,111,141],"an":[5],"investigation":[6],"on":[7],"how":[8],"well":[9,42],"students":[10,32,67],"are":[11,62,101],"able":[12,75],"to":[13,50,76,103,117,125,137],"understand":[14,104],"object-oriented":[15],"programming":[16],"(OOP)":[17],"when":[18],"learning":[19],"with":[20,78,135],"only":[21],"very":[22],"minimal":[23],"guidance.":[24],"analyzed":[26],"source":[28],"code":[29],"that":[30,46,60,84,120],"a":[34,108,127],"preparatory":[35],"course":[36,40],"produced":[37],"during":[38],"as":[41,43],"concept":[44,128],"maps":[45],"they":[47],"were":[48],"asked":[49],"draw":[51],"before":[52],"and":[53,72,105],"after":[54],"course.":[56],"Our":[57],"findings":[58],"show,":[59],"there":[61],"observable":[63],"differences":[64],"between":[65],"what":[66,73],"know":[68],"about":[69],"some":[70,138],"concepts":[71,88,140],"they're":[74],"do":[77],"it.":[79],"Generally":[80],"speaking,":[81],"it":[82,121],"seems":[83],"several":[85],"OOP":[86],"related":[87],"can":[89],"be":[90,123],"applied":[91],"successfully":[92],"without":[93,107,129],"fully":[94],"understanding":[95],"underlying":[97],"concepts,":[98],"while":[99],"others":[100],"hard":[102],"apply":[106,126],"significant":[109],"amount":[110],"prior":[112],"knowledge.":[113],"This":[114],"gives":[115],"rise":[116],"suspicion":[119],"might":[122],"possible":[124],"having":[130],"understood":[131],"it,":[132],"at":[133],"least":[134],"respect":[136],"algorithmic":[139],"CS.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}