{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2141829082","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2398776.2398813","title":"Screen-off traffic characterization and optimization in 3G/4G networks","display_name":"Screen-off traffic characterization and optimization in 3G/4G networks","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-11-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2141829082","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2398776.2398813","mag":"2141829082"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2398776.2398813","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2398776.2398813","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2012 Internet Measurement Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103102065","display_name":"Junxian Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1791-6491"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Junxian Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072962093","display_name":"Feng Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8509-2650"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003217329","display_name":"Z. Morley Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9844-2055"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Z. Morley Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114832181","display_name":"Subhabrata Sen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5969-1023"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283103587","display_name":"AT&T (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02bbd5539","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Subhabrata Sen","raw_affiliation_strings":["AT&T Labs Research, Florham Park, NJ, USA","AT&T Labs---Research, Florham Park, NJ, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AT&T Labs Research, Florham Park, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"AT&T Labs---Research, Florham Park, NJ, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049422372","display_name":"Oliver Spatscheck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1555-6303"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283103587","display_name":"AT&T (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02bbd5539","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oliver Spatscheck","raw_affiliation_strings":["AT&T Labs Research, Florham Park, NJ, USA","AT&T Labs---Research, Florham Park, NJ, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AT&T Labs Research, Florham Park, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"AT&T Labs---Research, Florham Park, NJ, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103102065"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.3471,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":71,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98018079,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"357","last_page":"364"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12238","display_name":"Green IT and Sustainability","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12238","display_name":"Green IT and Sustainability","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.8290954828262329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handset","display_name":"Handset","score":0.8118687868118286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.764927089214325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.6745855808258057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.6404114365577698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.633881151676178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.5291075110435486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-traffic","display_name":"Cellular traffic","score":0.49967002868652344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-resource-management","display_name":"Radio resource management","score":0.4663953185081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.45213761925697327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.28247445821762085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.21713578701019287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.18602284789085388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.16285455226898193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.07732465863227844}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.8290954828262329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779971919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1378949","display_name":"Handset","level":2,"score":0.8118687868118286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.764927089214325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.6745855808258057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6404114365577698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.633881151676178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.5291075110435486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133972139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5058371","display_name":"Cellular traffic","level":3,"score":0.49967002868652344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182448111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7281197","display_name":"Radio resource management","level":4,"score":0.4663953185081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.45213761925697327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.28247445821762085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.21713578701019287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.18602284789085388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.16285455226898193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.07732465863227844}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2398776.2398813","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2398776.2398813","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2012 Internet Measurement Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.298.8446","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.298.8446","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://web.eecs.umich.edu/~zmao/Papers/imc12.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5899999737739563}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W130749283","https://openalex.org/W163403444","https://openalex.org/W1490674876","https://openalex.org/W2048888499","https://openalex.org/W2049577911","https://openalex.org/W2081318579","https://openalex.org/W2100210097","https://openalex.org/W2106048836","https://openalex.org/W2123185187","https://openalex.org/W2124806945","https://openalex.org/W2128404326","https://openalex.org/W2129636357","https://openalex.org/W2144190599","https://openalex.org/W2144195948","https://openalex.org/W2145256800","https://openalex.org/W2149708663","https://openalex.org/W2151766225","https://openalex.org/W2167689264","https://openalex.org/W2170265372","https://openalex.org/W2478503558","https://openalex.org/W2498668396"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2136393527","https://openalex.org/W2029232111","https://openalex.org/W2039858536","https://openalex.org/W2159422359","https://openalex.org/W2026676591","https://openalex.org/W2276501992","https://openalex.org/W2335680976","https://openalex.org/W2294196761","https://openalex.org/W2774283532","https://openalex.org/W2942897781"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Today's":[0],"cellular":[1,44,90,148],"systems":[2],"operate":[3],"under":[4],"diverse":[5],"resource":[6,45,91],"constraints:":[7],"limited":[8],"frequency":[9],"spectrum,":[10],"network":[11,157],"processing":[12],"capability,":[13],"and":[14,22,159,162,167],"handset":[15,25],"battery":[16],"life.":[17],"We":[18,106],"consider":[19],"a":[20,109,134],"novel":[21],"important":[23],"factor,":[24],"screen":[26,31],"status,":[27],"i.e.,":[28],"whether":[29],"the":[30,69,88,118,144,156],"is":[32,79,95,124],"on":[33,48],"or":[34],"off,":[35],"which":[36],"was":[37],"ignored":[38],"by":[39,99,112,116,165],"previous":[40],"approaches":[41],"for":[42,66],"optimizing":[43],"utilization.":[46],"Based":[47],"analyzing":[49],"real":[50],"smartphone":[51],"traffic":[52,64,76,123],"collected":[53],"from":[54],"20":[55],"users":[56],"over":[57],"five":[58],"months,":[59],"we":[60],"find":[61],"that":[62,94,121],"off-screen":[63],"accounts":[65],"58.5%":[67],"of":[68,136,155],"total":[70],"radio":[71],"energy":[72,158],"consumption":[73],"although":[74],"their":[75],"volume":[77],"contribution":[78],"much":[80,125],"smaller.":[81],"Such":[82],"unexpected":[83],"results":[84],"are":[85],"attributed":[86],"to":[87,102,133,153],"unique":[89],"management":[92],"policy":[93],"not":[96],"well":[97],"understood":[98],"developers,":[100],"leading":[101],"cellular-unfriendly":[103],"mobile":[104],"apps.":[105],"then":[107],"make":[108],"further":[110],"step":[111],"proposing":[113],"screen-aware":[114],"optimization,":[115],"leveraging":[117],"key":[119,145],"observation":[120],"screen-off":[122],"more":[126],"delay-tolerant":[127],"than":[128],"its":[129],"screen-on":[130],"counterpart":[131],"due":[132],"lack":[135],"user":[137],"interaction.":[138],"Our":[139],"proposal":[140],"can":[141],"better":[142],"balance":[143],"tradeoffs":[146],"in":[147],"networks.":[149],"It":[150],"saves":[151],"up":[152],"60.92%":[154],"reduces":[160],"signaling":[161],"delay":[163],"overhead":[164],"25.33%":[166],"30.59%,":[168],"respectively.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}