{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1993598913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2396756.2396758","title":"Building a low cost low power wireless network to enable voice communication in developing regions","display_name":"Building a low cost low power wireless network to enable voice communication in developing regions","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-11-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1993598913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2396756.2396758","mag":"1993598913"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2396756.2396758","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2396756.2396758","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36560696","display_name":"ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review","issn_l":"1559-1662","issn":["1559-1662","1931-1222"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030775300","display_name":"Vijay Gabale","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162827531","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay","ror":"https://ror.org/02qyf5152","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vijay Gabale","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSE Department, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSE Department, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086164360","display_name":"Jeet Patani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162827531","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay","ror":"https://ror.org/02qyf5152","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeet Patani","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSE Department, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSE Department, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052204054","display_name":"Rupesh Mehta","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162827531","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay","ror":"https://ror.org/02qyf5152","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rupesh Mehta","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSE Department, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSE Department, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054852556","display_name":"Ramakrishnan Kalyanaraman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162827531","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay","ror":"https://ror.org/02qyf5152","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramakrishnan Kalyanaraman","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSE Department, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSE Department, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017699878","display_name":"Bhaskaran Raman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2234-7123"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162827531","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay","ror":"https://ror.org/02qyf5152","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bhaskaran Raman","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSE Department, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSE Department, IIT Bombay, Mumbai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030775300"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4184,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81721256,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"2","first_page":"2","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7893537282943726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.6176614761352539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5777556896209717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phone","display_name":"Phone","score":0.577136754989624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voice-over-ip","display_name":"Voice over IP","score":0.5719923973083496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5479651689529419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telephony","display_name":"Telephony","score":0.5274717211723328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.5027685165405273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-mesh-network","display_name":"Wireless mesh network","score":0.5018351078033447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.4796443581581116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personal-communications-service","display_name":"Personal Communications Service","score":0.46620333194732666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wi-fi","display_name":"Wi-Fi","score":0.45503872632980347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-latency","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","score":0.45146891474723816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-wan","display_name":"Wireless WAN","score":0.4353078603744507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/municipal-wireless-network","display_name":"Municipal wireless network","score":0.4176555573940277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wi-fi-array","display_name":"Wi-Fi array","score":0.24187162518501282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.1415247917175293}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7893537282943726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.6176614761352539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5777556896209717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778707766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202064","display_name":"Phone","level":2,"score":0.577136754989624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171246234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81945","display_name":"Voice over IP","level":3,"score":0.5719923973083496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5479651689529419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195358072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944584","display_name":"Telephony","level":2,"score":0.5274717211723328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.5027685165405273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31548570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6453712","display_name":"Wireless mesh network","level":4,"score":0.5018351078033447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.4796443581581116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76118137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187511","display_name":"Personal Communications Service","level":5,"score":0.46620333194732666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C508800617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29643","display_name":"Wi-Fi","level":4,"score":0.45503872632980347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46637626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693015","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","level":2,"score":0.45146891474723816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87379069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938054","display_name":"Wireless WAN","level":5,"score":0.4353078603744507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81376181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6936369","display_name":"Municipal wireless network","level":5,"score":0.4176555573940277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152153834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1339878","display_name":"Wi-Fi array","level":4,"score":0.24187162518501282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.1415247917175293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2396756.2396758","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2396756.2396758","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36560696","display_name":"ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review","issn_l":"1559-1662","issn":["1559-1662","1931-1222"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5899999737739563}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1919917805","https://openalex.org/W1920618578","https://openalex.org/W1976889764","https://openalex.org/W1986397066","https://openalex.org/W2003801825","https://openalex.org/W2026996011","https://openalex.org/W2091552096","https://openalex.org/W2132080280","https://openalex.org/W2139340025","https://openalex.org/W2140616837","https://openalex.org/W2143596451","https://openalex.org/W2145872403","https://openalex.org/W2147959752","https://openalex.org/W2164706953","https://openalex.org/W2164870960","https://openalex.org/W2165027678"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3206458211","https://openalex.org/W2370446610","https://openalex.org/W1583089126","https://openalex.org/W24924428","https://openalex.org/W2406292517","https://openalex.org/W2769559298","https://openalex.org/W605562683","https://openalex.org/W2185112991","https://openalex.org/W2182281394","https://openalex.org/W1993598913"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"work,":[2],"we":[3,62],"describe":[4],"our":[5,198,206,219],"experiences":[6],"in":[7,26,97,145,188,241],"building":[8],"a":[9,38,58,95,140,146,179,194,214,230],"low":[10,13,45],"cost":[11,106,130],"and":[12,56,82,90,111,131,178,237],"power":[14,118,132],"wireless":[15,49,87,215],"mesh":[16,88],"network":[17,104],"using":[18,234],"IEEE":[19],"802.15.4":[20,33,235],"technology":[21],"to":[22,54,94,128,197,227],"provide":[23],"telephony":[24,59],"services":[25],"rural":[27,135],"regions":[28],"of":[29,43,134,165,174,181],"the":[30,86,98,120,224],"developing":[31],"world.":[32,100],"was":[34],"originally":[35],"designed":[36],"for":[37,114,151],"completely":[39],"different":[40],"application":[41],"space":[42],"non-real-time,":[44],"data":[46],"rate":[47],"embedded":[48],"sensing.":[50],"We":[51,137,157,200],"use":[52,78],"it":[53,124,209],"design":[55],"prototype":[57],"system,":[60],"which":[61,183],"term":[63],"as":[64,107,109,186,213],"Lo":[65,73,102,142,203,221],"3":[66,74,103,143,155,204,222],"(Low":[67],"cost,":[68],"Low":[69],"power,":[70],"Local":[71],"voice).":[72],"primarily":[75],"provides":[76],"two":[77],"cases;":[79],"(1)":[80],"local":[81],"broadcast":[83],"voice":[84,93,159,231],"within":[85,205],"network,":[89],"(2)":[91],"remote":[92],"phone":[96],"outside":[99],"A":[101],"can":[105,112,210],"less":[108,166,175],"$2K,":[110],"last":[113],"several":[115],"days":[116],"without":[117],"\"off":[119],"grid\",":[121],"thus":[122],"making":[123],"an":[125,162,170],"ideal":[126],"choice":[127],"meet":[129],"constraints":[133],"regions.":[136],"test":[138],"deployed":[139],"full-fledged":[141],"system":[144,226,233],"village":[147],"near":[148],"Mumbai,":[149],"India":[150],"18":[152],"hours":[153],"over":[154],"days.":[156],"established":[158],"calls":[160],"with":[161,169],"end-to-end":[163],"latency":[164],"than":[167,176],"120ms,":[168],"average":[171],"packet":[172],"loss":[173],"2%,":[177],"MOS":[180],"3.6":[182],"is":[184,223],"considered":[185],"good":[187],"practice.":[189],"The":[190],"users":[191],"too":[192],"gave":[193],"positive":[195],"response":[196],"system.":[199],"also":[201],"tested":[202],"department":[207],"where":[208],"be":[211],"used":[212],"intercom":[216],"service.":[217],"To":[218],"knowledge,":[220],"first":[225],"enable":[228],"such":[229],"communication":[232],"technology,":[236],"show":[238],"its":[239],"effectiveness":[240],"operational":[242],"settings.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
