{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1991301243","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2393091.2393106","title":"Ground truth for evaluating 6 degrees of freedom pose estimation systems","display_name":"Ground truth for evaluating 6 degrees of freedom pose estimation systems","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-03-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1991301243","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2393091.2393106","mag":"1991301243"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2393091.2393106","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2393091.2393106","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Performance Metrics for Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035476220","display_name":"Jeremy A. Marvel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1855-2175"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeremy A. Marvel","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056713022","display_name":"Joe Falco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7794-5331"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joe Falco","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103791154","display_name":"Tsai Hong Hong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tsai Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6768,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67793231,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"69","last_page":"74"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10638","display_name":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10638","display_name":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11583","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Metrology Techniques","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-tracker","display_name":"Laser tracker","score":0.8196766376495361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6922205686569214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fixture","display_name":"Fixture","score":0.6872701644897461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nist","display_name":"NIST","score":0.6377674341201782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degrees-of-freedom","display_name":"Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry)","score":0.5947183966636658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pose","display_name":"Pose","score":0.5708839297294617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.5632057785987854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5532726645469666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartesian-coordinate-system","display_name":"Cartesian coordinate system","score":0.5438135862350464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.5026791095733643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5006053447723389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.45622357726097107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.44042909145355225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-drawing","display_name":"Engineering drawing","score":0.33038660883903503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.22088223695755005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1790567934513092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.13839659094810486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12943312525749207}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43210895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2447583","display_name":"Laser tracker","level":3,"score":0.8196766376495361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6922205686569214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781122048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15983064","display_name":"Fixture","level":2,"score":0.6872701644897461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111219384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6954384","display_name":"NIST","level":2,"score":0.6377674341201782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C208081375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274502","display_name":"Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.5947183966636658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52102323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671968","display_name":"Pose","level":2,"score":0.5708839297294617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.5632057785987854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5532726645469666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16038011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62912","display_name":"Cartesian coordinate system","level":2,"score":0.5438135862350464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.5026791095733643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5006053447723389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.45622357726097107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44042909145355225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199639397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1788588","display_name":"Engineering drawing","level":1,"score":0.33038660883903503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.22088223695755005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1790567934513092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.13839659094810486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12943312525749207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2393091.2393106","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2393091.2393106","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Workshop on Performance Metrics for Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7699999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332178","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1521162839","https://openalex.org/W1998385551","https://openalex.org/W2013154564","https://openalex.org/W2016930228","https://openalex.org/W2067952275","https://openalex.org/W2113785214","https://openalex.org/W2156605164","https://openalex.org/W2521175702","https://openalex.org/W3139610437"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2158491338","https://openalex.org/W2807901368","https://openalex.org/W2133733652","https://openalex.org/W2072658171","https://openalex.org/W2606392311","https://openalex.org/W2320042380","https://openalex.org/W4385956668","https://openalex.org/W2900895161","https://openalex.org/W4380838366","https://openalex.org/W2737164451"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Systems":[0],"developed":[1],"to":[2,32,54,59,68,121],"estimate":[3],"poses":[4],"of":[5,10,78,102,125,140],"objects":[6],"in":[7,51],"6":[8],"degrees":[9],"freedom":[11],"(6DOF)":[12],"Cartesian":[13],"space":[14],"(X,":[15],"Y,":[16],"and":[17,23,35,44,57,85,104,127,137],"Z":[18],"coordinates":[19],"plus":[20],"roll,":[21],"pitch,":[22],"yaw)":[24],"are":[25,40,45,143],"reliant":[26],"on":[27],"the":[28,49,61,70,99,123],"vendors'":[29],"own":[30],"processes":[31],"determine":[33],"performance":[34],"measurement":[36],"accuracy.":[37],"These":[38],"practices":[39],"not":[41],"yet":[42],"standardized,":[43],"rarely":[46],"reported":[47],"by":[48],"vendors":[50],"sufficient":[52],"detail":[53],"enable":[55,69],"users":[56],"integrators":[58],"recreate":[60],"process.":[62],"Efforts":[63],"must":[64],"therefore":[65],"be":[66,119],"made":[67],"documented":[71],"and,":[72],"more":[73],"importantly,":[74],"independently":[75],"repeatable":[76],"evaluation":[77],"such":[79],"systems":[80,96,142],"using":[81],"standardized":[82],"processes,":[83],"fixtures,":[84],"artifacts.":[86],"In":[87],"this":[88],"paper,":[89],"we":[90],"describe":[91],"three":[92],"6DOF":[93],"ground":[94],"truth":[95],"utilized":[97],"at":[98],"National":[100],"Institute":[101],"Standards":[103],"Technology":[105],"(NIST):":[106],"a":[107,128],"laser-tracker-based":[108],"system":[109,116],"for":[110,145],"pose":[111,124],"measurement,":[112],"an":[113],"aluminum":[114],"fixture-based":[115],"that":[117],"can":[118],"used":[120],"set":[122],"artifacts,":[126],"modular,":[129],"medium-density":[130],"fiberboard":[131],"(MDF)":[132],"fixture":[133],"system.":[134],"Descriptions,":[135],"characterizations,":[136],"measured":[138],"accuracies":[139],"these":[141],"provided":[144],"reference.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
