{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2039704177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2382438.2382441","title":"Detecting Fake Medical Web Sites Using Recursive Trust Labeling","display_name":"Detecting Fake Medical Web Sites Using Recursive Trust Labeling","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2039704177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2382438.2382441","mag":"2039704177"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2382438.2382441","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2382438.2382441","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4394735545","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems","issn_l":"1046-8188","issn":["1046-8188","1558-2868"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016943900","display_name":"Ahmed Abbasi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7698-7794"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Abbasi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Virginia","University of Virginia'"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Virginia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Virginia'","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078359298","display_name":"Fatemeh Zahedi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8716-618X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43579087","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee","ror":"https://ror.org/031q21x57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fatemeh \u201cMariam\u201d Zahedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044713455","display_name":"Siddharth Kaza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9561-6128"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4322298","display_name":"Towson University","ror":"https://ror.org/044w7a341","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4322298"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siddharth Kaza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Towson University","Towson University;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Towson University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4322298"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Towson University;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4322298"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.6743,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":66,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98141093,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"4","first_page":"1","last_page":"36"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.796067476272583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/popularity","display_name":"Popularity","score":0.6119382977485657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.4871661365032196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.47142571210861206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-application-security","display_name":"Web application security","score":0.412598580121994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.3453107178211212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.32739585638046265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-development","display_name":"Web development","score":0.2241974174976349}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.796067476272583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357284","display_name":"Popularity","level":2,"score":0.6119382977485657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.4871661365032196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.47142571210861206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59241245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4781497","display_name":"Web application security","level":4,"score":0.412598580121994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.3453107178211212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.32739585638046265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79373723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386275","display_name":"Web development","level":3,"score":0.2241974174976349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2382438.2382441","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2382438.2382441","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4394735545","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems","issn_l":"1046-8188","issn":["1046-8188","1558-2868"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Information Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.4099999964237213}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8290330884","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1049497","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337388","funder_display_name":"Division of Computer and Network Systems"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337388","display_name":"Division of Computer and Network Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/02rdzmk74"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":78,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W116375701","https://openalex.org/W172410088","https://openalex.org/W178180052","https://openalex.org/W189202421","https://openalex.org/W192036632","https://openalex.org/W1034019924","https://openalex.org/W1556034692","https://openalex.org/W1563448312","https://openalex.org/W1570448133","https://openalex.org/W1577276964","https://openalex.org/W1598359406","https://openalex.org/W1604792744","https://openalex.org/W1845137714","https://openalex.org/W1854214752","https://openalex.org/W1869958975","https://openalex.org/W1911697890","https://openalex.org/W1985522638","https://openalex.org/W1987365175","https://openalex.org/W1988068423","https://openalex.org/W1988814344","https://openalex.org/W1992034625","https://openalex.org/W2007846998","https://openalex.org/W2009408190","https://openalex.org/W2012329345","https://openalex.org/W2012422639","https://openalex.org/W2020791430","https://openalex.org/W2023973750","https://openalex.org/W2033778079","https://openalex.org/W2046468032","https://openalex.org/W2051644806","https://openalex.org/W2053377618","https://openalex.org/W2060661556","https://openalex.org/W2065168033","https://openalex.org/W2066055909","https://openalex.org/W2070228428","https://openalex.org/W2074738896","https://openalex.org/W2084668590","https://openalex.org/W2088860077","https://openalex.org/W2096079304","https://openalex.org/W2099789730","https://openalex.org/W2101838137","https://openalex.org/W2101920224","https://openalex.org/W2102232904","https://openalex.org/W2103456180","https://openalex.org/W2107428549","https://openalex.org/W2109942694","https://openalex.org/W2112400959","https://openalex.org/W2115394986","https://openalex.org/W2117261786","https://openalex.org/W2119265954","https://openalex.org/W2121430617","https://openalex.org/W2121719057","https://openalex.org/W2122505515","https://openalex.org/W2125779607","https://openalex.org/W2130196635","https://openalex.org/W2131408881","https://openalex.org/W2132605240","https://openalex.org/W2133190165","https://openalex.org/W2135746613","https://openalex.org/W2139148100","https://openalex.org/W2139177218","https://openalex.org/W2142995284","https://openalex.org/W2145351510","https://openalex.org/W2146859361","https://openalex.org/W2149706766","https://openalex.org/W2164422986","https://openalex.org/W2165337677","https://openalex.org/W2166349960","https://openalex.org/W2169470206","https://openalex.org/W2171960770","https://openalex.org/W2915063781","https://openalex.org/W2966207845","https://openalex.org/W2997008967","https://openalex.org/W3083113686","https://openalex.org/W4205807230","https://openalex.org/W4249902158","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W7005741552"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2368605798","https://openalex.org/W2518037665","https://openalex.org/W2348524959","https://openalex.org/W2477036161","https://openalex.org/W2368049389","https://openalex.org/W2384861574","https://openalex.org/W2170801710","https://openalex.org/W2952704802","https://openalex.org/W4294565801","https://openalex.org/W2142306706"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fake":[0],"medical":[1,24,57,119,146,160],"Web":[2,26,42,58,79,120,138,161,207],"sites":[3,27,43,59],"have":[4,60,220],"become":[5],"increasingly":[6],"prevalent.":[7],"Consequently,":[8],"much":[9],"of":[10,23,39,85,117,184,202,213],"the":[11,74,78,198,210,218],"health-related":[12],"information":[13],"and":[14,35,105,144,169,175,215,227],"advice":[15],"available":[16],"online":[17,40,224],"is":[18],"inaccurate":[19],"and/or":[20],"misleading.":[21],"Scores":[22],"institution":[25],"are":[28,44,80],"for":[29,114,223],"organizations":[30],"that":[31,152],"do":[32],"not":[33],"exist":[34],"more":[36],"than":[37],"90%":[38],"pharmacy":[41],"fraudulent.":[45],"In":[46,87],"addition":[47],"to":[48,66,156,191],"monetary":[49],"losses":[50],"exacted":[51],"on":[52,77,127],"unsuspecting":[53],"users,":[54],"these":[55],"fake":[56,118,145,159],"severe":[61],"public":[62,228],"safety":[63],"ramifications.":[64],"According":[65],"a":[67,110,128],"World":[68],"Health":[69,216],"Organization":[70],"report,":[71],"approximately":[72],"half":[73],"drugs":[75],"sold":[76],"counterfeit,":[81],"resulting":[82],"in":[83],"thousands":[84],"deaths.":[86],"this":[88],"study,":[89],"we":[90],"propose":[91],"an":[92,181],"adaptive":[93,177],"learning":[94,178],"algorithm":[95],"called":[96],"recursive":[97,111],"trust":[98],"labeling":[99,112],"(RTL).":[100],"RTL":[101,153,188],"uses":[102],"underlying":[103],"content":[104,168],"graph-based":[106,170],"classifiers,":[107],"coupled":[108],"with":[109,180],"mechanism,":[113],"enhanced":[115],"detection":[116,163],"sites.":[121,147,208],"The":[122,148],"proposed":[123],"method":[124],"was":[125,154,189],"evaluated":[126],"test":[129],"bed":[130],"encompassing":[131],"nearly":[132],"100":[133],"million":[134],"links":[135],"between":[136],"930,000":[137],"sites,":[139],"including":[140],"1,000":[141],"known":[142],"legitimate":[143],"experimental":[149],"results":[150,219],"revealed":[151],"able":[155,190],"significantly":[157],"improve":[158],"site":[162],"performance":[164,194],"over":[165,185],"19":[166],"comparison":[167],"methods,":[171],"various":[172],"meta-learning":[173],"techniques,":[174],"existing":[176],"approaches,":[179],"overall":[182],"accuracy":[183],"94%.":[186],"Moreover,":[187],"attain":[192],"high":[193],"levels":[195],"even":[196],"when":[197],"training":[199],"dataset":[200],"composed":[201],"as":[203,205],"little":[204],"30":[206],"With":[209],"increased":[211],"popularity":[212],"eHealth":[214],"2.0,":[217],"important":[221],"implications":[222],"trust,":[225],"security,":[226],"safety.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
