{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2121315148","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2382196.2382245","title":"GPS software attacks","display_name":"GPS software attacks","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2121315148","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2382196.2382245","mag":"2121315148"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2382196.2382245","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2382196.2382245","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2012 ACM conference on Computer and communications security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087253143","display_name":"Tyler Nighswander","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tyler Nighswander","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042058208","display_name":"B. M. Ledvina","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I863488634","display_name":"Coherent (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/031tysd23","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I863488634"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brent Ledvina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Coherent Navigation, San Mateo, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Coherent Navigation, San Mateo, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I863488634"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057342323","display_name":"Jonathan Diamond","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I863488634","display_name":"Coherent (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/031tysd23","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I863488634"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Diamond","raw_affiliation_strings":["Coherent Navigation, San Mateo, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Coherent Navigation, San Mateo, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I863488634"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085076465","display_name":"Robert Brumley","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I863488634","display_name":"Coherent (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/031tysd23","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I863488634"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Brumley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Coherent Navigation, San Mateo, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Coherent Navigation, San Mateo, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I863488634"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016565332","display_name":"David Brumley","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Brumley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa., USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":23.0896,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":116,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99763788,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"450","last_page":"461"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.96670001745224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.96670001745224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.9231071472167969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoofing-attack","display_name":"Spoofing attack","score":0.7453855276107788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6766213178634644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-lightweight-gps-receiver","display_name":"Precision Lightweight GPS Receiver","score":0.6434181332588196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jamming","display_name":"Jamming","score":0.5591212511062622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assisted-gps","display_name":"Assisted GPS","score":0.5435521602630615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-positioning-system","display_name":"Hybrid positioning system","score":0.5164147019386292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.44693857431411743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positioning-system","display_name":"Positioning system","score":0.43819746375083923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4234771132469177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4126538038253784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.22178328037261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12721389532089233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gps-receiver","display_name":"Gps receiver","score":0.10241138935089111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.06796565651893616}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.9231071472167969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.7453855276107788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6766213178634644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190234968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239523","display_name":"Precision Lightweight GPS Receiver","level":5,"score":0.6434181332588196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779079576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17092823","display_name":"Jamming","level":2,"score":0.5591212511062622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198613851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432394","display_name":"Assisted GPS","level":3,"score":0.5435521602630615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187394410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141406","display_name":"Hybrid positioning system","level":4,"score":0.5164147019386292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.44693857431411743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778603505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141406","display_name":"Positioning system","level":3,"score":0.43819746375083923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4234771132469177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4126538038253784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.22178328037261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12721389532089233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987779331","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1486497","display_name":"Gps receiver","level":4,"score":0.10241138935089111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.06796565651893616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2382196.2382245","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2382196.2382245","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 2012 ACM conference on Computer and communications security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.409.71","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.409.71","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://users.ece.cmu.edu/~dbrumley/pubs/p450-nighswander.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.678.7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.678.7","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://users.ece.cmu.edu/%7Edbrumley/pdf/Nighswander+et+al._2012_GPS+software+attacks.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1684424876","https://openalex.org/W1979154650","https://openalex.org/W1994641974","https://openalex.org/W2014261857","https://openalex.org/W2074040836","https://openalex.org/W2111689038","https://openalex.org/W2182984782","https://openalex.org/W2197228656","https://openalex.org/W2260014999","https://openalex.org/W2288632536","https://openalex.org/W2289901465","https://openalex.org/W2566510693","https://openalex.org/W2965720098","https://openalex.org/W6832839408"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2338366266","https://openalex.org/W3013924098","https://openalex.org/W2260014999","https://openalex.org/W189713034","https://openalex.org/W2805505483","https://openalex.org/W2185406170","https://openalex.org/W2384381998","https://openalex.org/W2171782134","https://openalex.org/W2249797904","https://openalex.org/W2026260237"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Since":[0],"its":[1],"creation,":[2],"the":[3],"Global":[4],"Positioning":[5],"System":[6],"(GPS)":[7],"has":[8],"grown":[9],"from":[10],"a":[11,17,33],"limited":[12],"purpose":[13],"positioning":[14],"system":[15],"to":[16,37,46],"ubiquitous":[18],"trusted":[19],"source":[20],"for":[21],"positioning,":[22],"navigation,":[23],"and":[24,40,48],"timing":[25],"data.":[26],"To":[27],"date,":[28],"researchers":[29],"have":[30],"essentially":[31],"taken":[32],"signal":[34],"processing":[35],"approach":[36],"GPS":[38,43],"security":[39],"shown":[41],"that":[42],"is":[44],"vulnerable":[45],"jamming":[47],"spoofing.":[49]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
