{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2087211161","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2381896.2381910","title":"Tracking concept drift in malware families","display_name":"Tracking concept drift in malware families","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-10-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2087211161","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2381896.2381910","mag":"2087211161"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2381896.2381910","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2381896.2381910","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 5th ACM workshop on Security and artificial intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003052622","display_name":"Anshuman Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2705-6453"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79516672","display_name":"University of Louisiana at Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/01x8rc503","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799628689","https://openalex.org/I79516672"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anshuman Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79516672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078803261","display_name":"Andrew Walenstein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1103-2465"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79516672","display_name":"University of Louisiana at Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/01x8rc503","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799628689","https://openalex.org/I79516672"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Walenstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79516672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005097571","display_name":"Arun Lakhotia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9943-7795"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79516672","display_name":"University of Louisiana at Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/01x8rc503","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799628689","https://openalex.org/I79516672"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arun Lakhotia","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79516672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8846,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80217835,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"81","last_page":"92"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12761","display_name":"Data Stream Mining Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12761","display_name":"Data Stream Mining Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9754999876022339,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.9363714456558228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concept-drift","display_name":"Concept drift","score":0.7515838742256165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7177228331565857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.6467617750167847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5799750089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.5137987732887268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.47004690766334534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retraining","display_name":"Retraining","score":0.4375247061252594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.26897481083869934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-stream-mining","display_name":"Data stream mining","score":0.07724231481552124}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.9363714456558228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60777511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045002","display_name":"Concept drift","level":3,"score":0.7515838742256165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7177228331565857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.6467617750167847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5799750089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.5137987732887268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.47004690766334534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778712577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505966","display_name":"Retraining","level":2,"score":0.4375247061252594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.26897481083869934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89198739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3079880","display_name":"Data stream mining","level":2,"score":0.07724231481552124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2381896.2381910","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2381896.2381910","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 5th ACM workshop on Security and artificial intelligence","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.387.5777","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.387.5777","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cacs.louisiana.edu/~arun/papers/2012-aisec-concept-drift.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338294","display_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W139044672","https://openalex.org/W1480376833","https://openalex.org/W1482612322","https://openalex.org/W1506513518","https://openalex.org/W1508225132","https://openalex.org/W1514023947","https://openalex.org/W1562629803","https://openalex.org/W1565377632","https://openalex.org/W1585854823","https://openalex.org/W1591082683","https://openalex.org/W1724358049","https://openalex.org/W1910686388","https://openalex.org/W1938740620","https://openalex.org/W1971446341","https://openalex.org/W1973595294","https://openalex.org/W1977640460","https://openalex.org/W1993430291","https://openalex.org/W1993871915","https://openalex.org/W1996646428","https://openalex.org/W2007562169","https://openalex.org/W2022775778","https://openalex.org/W2027390033","https://openalex.org/W2047449506","https://openalex.org/W2097676562","https://openalex.org/W2099352317","https://openalex.org/W2099505562","https://openalex.org/W2103464385","https://openalex.org/W2110643325","https://openalex.org/W2111338655","https://openalex.org/W2118020653","https://openalex.org/W2121749752","https://openalex.org/W2132504937","https://openalex.org/W2133088989","https://openalex.org/W2137143853","https://openalex.org/W2138644293","https://openalex.org/W2144112223","https://openalex.org/W2144242878","https://openalex.org/W2145056020","https://openalex.org/W2166781513","https://openalex.org/W2170770919","https://openalex.org/W2308071406","https://openalex.org/W2482589566","https://openalex.org/W3003824022","https://openalex.org/W3139670689","https://openalex.org/W4292024674","https://openalex.org/W6630074438","https://openalex.org/W6630342312","https://openalex.org/W6633894697","https://openalex.org/W6639864006","https://openalex.org/W6684713986","https://openalex.org/W7029391333"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2006651773","https://openalex.org/W2027050655","https://openalex.org/W3028244590","https://openalex.org/W2014369232","https://openalex.org/W3122042562","https://openalex.org/W2050078012","https://openalex.org/W4254349500","https://openalex.org/W2060761133","https://openalex.org/W2360307734","https://openalex.org/W4297683550"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,66],"previous":[1],"efforts":[2],"in":[3,57,76,116],"the":[4,23,85,96,99,119,123],"use":[5],"of":[6,22,27,68,88,108,142],"machine":[7,77],"learning":[8],"for":[9,41,92,136,139],"malware":[10,15,28,42,58,64,93,100],"detection":[11],"have":[12],"assumed":[13],"that":[14],"population":[16,101],"is":[17,82,125],"stationary":[18],"i.e.":[19],"probability":[20],"distribution":[21],"observed":[24],"characteristics":[25],"(features)":[26],"populations":[29,70,138],"don't":[30],"change":[31],"over":[32],"time.":[33,143],"In":[34],"this":[35,39],"paper,":[36],"we":[37],"investigate":[38],"assumption":[40],"families":[43],"as":[44,52],"populations.":[45],"Malware,":[46],"by":[47],"design,":[48],"constantly":[49],"evolves":[50],"so":[51],"to":[53,61,84,102,113,127],"defeat":[54],"detection.":[55,94],"Evolution":[56],"may":[59,110],"lead":[60],"a":[62],"nonstationary":[63,69],"population.":[65],"problem":[67],"has":[71],"been":[72],"called":[73],"concept":[74,80],"drift":[75,81,103,124],"learning.":[78],"Tracking":[79],"critical":[83],"successful":[86],"application":[87],"ML":[89,131],"based":[90,132],"methods":[91,133],"If":[95],"evolution":[97],"causes":[98],"rapidly":[104],"then":[105,130],"frequent":[106],"retraining":[107],"classifiers":[109],"be":[111,128],"required":[112],"prevent":[114],"degradation":[115],"performance.":[117],"On":[118],"other":[120],"hand,":[121],"if":[122],"found":[126],"negligible,":[129],"are":[134],"robust":[135],"such":[137],"long":[140],"periods":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
