{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2070800181","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2371536.2371569","title":"High efficiency at web scale","display_name":"High efficiency at web scale","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-09-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2070800181","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2371536.2371569","mag":"2070800181"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2371536.2371569","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2371536.2371569","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Autonomic computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054975473","display_name":"Eitan Frachtenberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3709-1829"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114444","display_name":"Meta (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01zbnvs85","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099336","display_name":"Menlo School","ror":"https://ror.org/01240pn49","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eitan Frachtenberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facebook, Menlo Park, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facebook, Menlo Park, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114444","https://openalex.org/I4210099336"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054975473"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099336","https://openalex.org/I4210114444"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.1729285,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"179","last_page":"180"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.7724000215530396,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.7724000215530396,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12799","display_name":"Mobile and Web Applications","score":0.7123000025749207,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.6995999813079834,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.7185189723968506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7075523138046265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6455093622207642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.6443962454795837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5593354105949402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.5512118339538574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.4767119288444519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.46976137161254883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-application","display_name":"Web application","score":0.45128071308135986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4283093214035034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.39744043350219727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.2935405373573303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17334967851638794}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.7185189723968506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7075523138046265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6455093622207642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.6443962454795837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5593354105949402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5512118339538574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4767119288444519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.46976137161254883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118643609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189210","display_name":"Web application","level":2,"score":0.45128071308135986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4283093214035034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.39744043350219727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.2935405373573303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17334967851638794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2371536.2371569","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2371536.2371569","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Autonomic computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5600000023841858,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2092530219","https://openalex.org/W2388464034","https://openalex.org/W2533125852","https://openalex.org/W2140460949","https://openalex.org/W2105580438","https://openalex.org/W2057435755","https://openalex.org/W3121798572","https://openalex.org/W2018782216","https://openalex.org/W2770877918","https://openalex.org/W1989375655"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Every":[0],"day,":[1,36],"over":[2],"half":[3],"a":[4,119,183,187],"billion":[5,27],"people":[6],"log":[7],"in":[8,63],"to":[9,11,46,69,94,140],"Facebook":[10,37,87],"communicate":[12],"with":[13,41,102],"their":[14],"contacts.":[15],"They":[16],"exchange":[17],"more":[18,24],"than":[19,25],"300":[20],"million":[21],"photos":[22],"and":[23,29,44,55,80,89,97,107,122,128,136,164,169,181,203,206],"3":[26],"likes":[28],"comments":[30],"each":[31,151],"day.":[32],"And":[33],"almost":[34,74],"every":[35],"releases":[38],"new":[39,42],"code":[40],"features":[43],"products":[45],"all":[47],"these":[48,153],"users.":[49],"This":[50,173],"staggering":[51],"amount":[52],"of":[53,61,105,114,116,152,179,190],"information":[54],"processing":[56],"is":[57,147],"served":[58],"from":[59],"dozens":[60],"clusters":[62],"four":[64],"geographical":[65],"regions.":[66],"The":[67],"keys":[68],"operating":[70,182],"successfully":[71],"at":[72,84,124,209],"this":[73,132],"incomprehensibly":[75],"large":[76],"scale":[77],"are":[78],"efficiency":[79,202],"automation.":[81],"Efficiency":[82],"starts":[83],"the":[85,90,110,125,142,148,177,191],"hundreds":[86],"engineers":[88],"processes":[91],"they":[92],"use":[93],"develop,":[95],"test,":[96],"deploy":[98],"code;":[99],"it":[100],"continues":[101],"scalable":[103],"models":[104],"distributing":[106],"constantly":[108],"monitoring":[109],"software":[111],"on":[112,118,161],"tens":[113],"thousands":[115],"servers":[117],"daily":[120],"basis;":[121],"ends":[123],"very":[126],"hardware":[127],"datacenters":[129],"that":[130,185],"serves":[131,186],"data,":[133],"bringing":[134],"capital":[135],"operational":[137],"expenditures":[138],"down":[139],"make":[141],"economic":[143],"model":[144],"viable.":[145],"Automation":[146],"leverage":[149],"behind":[150],"relatively":[154],"few":[155],"engineers.":[156],"It":[157],"lets":[158],"them":[159],"focus":[160],"quick":[162],"iteration":[163],"experimentation,":[165],"catching":[166],"problems":[167],"early":[168],"solving":[170],"many":[171],"automatically.":[172],"talk":[174],"will":[175,199],"describe":[176],"challenges":[178],"developing":[180],"product":[184],"significant":[188],"percentage":[189],"worldwide":[192],"internet":[193],"population.":[194],"Through":[195],"several":[196],"examples,":[197],"we":[198],"see":[200],"how":[201],"automation":[204],"drive":[205],"enable":[207],"operation":[208],"Web":[210],"scale.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}