{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2140074939","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2365952.2366002","title":"When recommenders fail","display_name":"When recommenders fail","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-09-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2140074939","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2365952.2366002","mag":"2140074939"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2365952.2366002","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2365952.2366002","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the sixth ACM conference on Recommender systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015092805","display_name":"Michael D. Ekstrand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2467-0108"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael Ekstrand","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Minnesota / GroupLens Research, Minneapolis, MN, USA","University of Minnesota / GroupLens Research, Minneapolis, MN, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota / GroupLens Research, Minneapolis, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota / GroupLens Research, Minneapolis, MN, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028357447","display_name":"John Riedl","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Riedl","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Minnesota / GroupLens Research, Minneapolis, MN, USA","University of Minnesota / GroupLens Research, Minneapolis, MN, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota / GroupLens Research, Minneapolis, MN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota / GroupLens Research, Minneapolis, MN, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015092805"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.0793,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.983116,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"233","last_page":"236"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10203","display_name":"Recommender Systems and Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10203","display_name":"Recommender Systems and Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12101","display_name":"Advanced Bandit Algorithms Research","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9815000295639038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/movielens","display_name":"MovieLens","score":0.949363648891449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recommender-system","display_name":"Recommender system","score":0.8699241876602173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8305411338806152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collaborative-filtering","display_name":"Collaborative filtering","score":0.6353678107261658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5304731130599976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.5107512474060059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4680922329425812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4663148820400238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.46296313405036926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.41175633668899536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776156558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4353746","display_name":"MovieLens","level":4,"score":0.949363648891449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557471498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q554950","display_name":"Recommender system","level":2,"score":0.8699241876602173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8305411338806152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21569690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94702","display_name":"Collaborative filtering","level":3,"score":0.6353678107261658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5304731130599976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.5107512474060059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4680922329425812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4663148820400238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.46296313405036926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.41175633668899536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2365952.2366002","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2365952.2366002","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the sixth ACM conference on Recommender systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W281665770","https://openalex.org/W1488971269","https://openalex.org/W1751428553","https://openalex.org/W2042281163","https://openalex.org/W2114538223","https://openalex.org/W2118934678","https://openalex.org/W2139375986","https://openalex.org/W2142574815","https://openalex.org/W2151533350","https://openalex.org/W2155106456","https://openalex.org/W2161351857","https://openalex.org/W2998206837"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2981634480","https://openalex.org/W2112596352","https://openalex.org/W1536897741","https://openalex.org/W2187330565","https://openalex.org/W1985834543","https://openalex.org/W2140910558","https://openalex.org/W2402445420","https://openalex.org/W2075040002","https://openalex.org/W3100318323","https://openalex.org/W3091896932"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hybrid":[0],"recommender":[1,111,119,133],"systems":[2,4,103],"---":[3,13],"using":[5],"multiple":[6],"algorithms":[7,134],"together":[8],"to":[9,57,62,76,90,116],"improve":[10,117],"recommendation":[11],"quality":[12],"have":[14,21],"been":[15,74],"well-known":[16,132],"for":[17,100,143],"many":[18,144],"years":[19],"and":[20,55,81,104],"shown":[22],"good":[23],"performance":[24,49],"in":[25,146],"recent":[26],"demonstrations":[27],"such":[28,36],"as":[29,37],"the":[30,44,47,64,67,97,118,127,136,158],"NetFlix":[31],"Prize.":[32],"Modern":[33],"hybridization":[34],"techniques,":[35],"feature-weighted":[38],"linear":[39],"stacking,":[40],"take":[41],"advantage":[42],"of":[43,50,66,96,108,126],"hypothesis":[45],"that":[46,142,154],"relative":[48],"recommenders":[51,89,99],"varies":[52],"by":[53,130],"circumstance":[54],"attempt":[56],"optimize":[58],"each":[59],"item":[60],"score":[61],"maximize":[63],"strengths":[65,80],"component":[68,98],"recommenders.":[69],"Less":[70],"attention,":[71],"however,":[72],"has":[73],"paid":[75],"understanding":[77,107],"what":[78,86],"these":[79],"failure":[82],"modes":[83],"are.":[84],"Understanding":[85],"causes":[87],"particular":[88],"fail":[91],"will":[92,155],"facilitate":[93],"better":[94,106],"selection":[95],"future":[101],"hybrid":[102],"a":[105],"how":[109],"individual":[110],"personalities":[112],"can":[113],"be":[114],"harnessed":[115],"user":[120],"experience.":[121],"We":[122],"present":[123],"an":[124],"analysis":[125],"predictions":[128],"made":[129],"several":[131],"on":[135],"MovieLens":[137],"10M":[138],"data":[139],"set,":[140],"showing":[141],"cases":[145],"which":[147],"one":[148],"algorithm":[149],"fails,":[150],"there":[151],"is":[152],"another":[153],"correctly":[156],"predict":[157],"rating.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
