{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2091674321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/236337.236384","title":"Translation","display_name":"Translation","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2091674321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/236337.236384","mag":"2091674321"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/236337.236384","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/236337.236384","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 11th ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049565313","display_name":"Grady Booch","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164508027","display_name":"Ratio","ror":"https://ror.org/00j5mtz35","country_code":"SE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164508027"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Grady Booch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chief Scientist, Rational Software Corporation"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chief Scientist, Rational Software Corporation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164508027"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010437018","display_name":"Steven Fraser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3958-6585"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven Fraser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nortel Lab, Santa Clara California"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nortel Lab, Santa Clara California","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113489483","display_name":"Robert Martin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099704","display_name":"Mentor","ror":"https://ror.org/016grqh48","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099704"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert C. Martin","raw_affiliation_strings":["President of Object Mentor"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"President of Object Mentor","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051841848","display_name":"Steven J. Mellor","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven J. Mellor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Project Technology Inc., PT"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Project Technology Inc., PT","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100429794","display_name":"Michael Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7538-0720"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Project Technology, Inc"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Project Technology, Inc","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082734957","display_name":"Steven Garone","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153777","display_name":"International Data Group (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/059pfgk41","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121364","https://openalex.org/I4210153777"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven Garone","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Data Corporation's Object Tools Market Planning Service"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Data Corporation's Object Tools Market Planning Service","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153777"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041631381","display_name":"Martin Fowler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4211-3671"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Fowler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Object Oriented analysis design and Patterns"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Object Oriented analysis design and Patterns","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082548649","display_name":"Douglas C. Schmidt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7389-4995"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Douglas C. Schmidt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004617949","display_name":"Marie Lenzi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marie Lenzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Object Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Object Technology","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049565313"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164508027"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16719532,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"441","last_page":"443"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10679","display_name":"Service-Oriented Architecture and Web Services","score":0.9821000099182129,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11450","display_name":"Model-Driven Software Engineering Techniques","score":0.9652000069618225,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8159317970275879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abstraction","display_name":"Abstraction","score":0.7672127485275269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.5169893503189087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abstraction-layer","display_name":"Abstraction layer","score":0.513302743434906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logical-data-model","display_name":"Logical data model","score":0.503635823726654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.497710257768631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theme","display_name":"Theme (computing)","score":0.4636259078979492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.46271464228630066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.44241252541542053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.4213537275791168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-modeling","display_name":"Data modeling","score":0.3224797248840332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.30195409059524536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.24447908997535706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.10027238726615906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09364485740661621}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8159317970275879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124304363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673661","display_name":"Abstraction","level":2,"score":0.7672127485275269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5169893503189087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147358964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1200992","display_name":"Abstraction layer","level":3,"score":0.513302743434906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203702819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17146953","display_name":"Logical data model","level":3,"score":0.503635823726654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.497710257768631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33566652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1065927","display_name":"Theme (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4636259078979492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.46271464228630066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.44241252541542053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.4213537275791168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.3224797248840332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.30195409059524536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24447908997535706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.10027238726615906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09364485740661621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/236337.236384","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/236337.236384","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 11th ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.5}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984744919","https://openalex.org/W3089353361","https://openalex.org/W2132930690","https://openalex.org/W2770599040","https://openalex.org/W1901380330","https://openalex.org/W81164209","https://openalex.org/W638142098","https://openalex.org/W3009812692","https://openalex.org/W2901324294","https://openalex.org/W4248324254"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,74],"the":[1,75,88,106,123,126,140,162,190,207,236,241,256,261,277,291],"realm":[2],"of":[3,11,70,87,94,105,111,142,149,174,185,280,284],"OO":[4],"methodologies":[5],"there":[6,194,214,223,230,244],"are":[7,26,55,80,118,245,249,255],"two":[8,53,78,116,232,246,262,278],"major":[9],"schools":[10,14,33,54,72,279],"thought.":[12],"Both":[13],"claim":[15,34],"to":[16,35,121,289],"define":[17],"mechanisms":[18],"whereby":[19],"software":[20],"applications":[21],"can":[22],"be":[23,178,196,224,231],"created":[24],"that":[25],"reusable,":[27],"maintainable,":[28],"and":[29,65,136,220,238],"robust.":[30],"Moreover,":[31],"both":[32],"use":[36],"abstraction":[37],"as":[38,167,170,172],"a":[39,143,158,215,225,273,282,295,300],"key":[40],"mechanism":[41],"for":[42,125,235,240],"achieving":[43],"these":[44,52,71],"benefits.":[45],"At":[46],"issue":[47],"is":[48,83,92,101,109,298],"whether":[49],"or":[50,58,228,297],"not":[51],"fundamentally":[56],"different,":[57],"just":[59],"variations":[60],"on":[61],"an":[62,84,102,200],"object-oriented":[63],"theme.Shlaer":[64],"Mellor":[66],"have":[67],"dubbed":[68],"one":[69,179,234,239],"Translational.":[73],"translational":[76],"approach,":[77],"models":[79,117],"created.":[81],"One":[82],"abstract":[85,103],"model":[86,100,104,202,227],"application":[89,113],"domain":[90],"which":[91,108],"devoid":[93,110],"any":[95,112],"design":[96,107,208],"dependencies.":[97,114],"The":[98],"other":[99,128],"These":[115,154],"composed":[119],"automatically":[120],"yield":[122],"code":[124],"system.The":[127],"school":[129],"-":[130,138,233],"supported":[131],"by":[132],"Booch,":[133],"Rumbaugh,":[134],"Jacobson,":[135],"Martin":[137],"views":[139],"architecture":[141,266],"system":[144],"from":[145,206],"several":[146],"different":[147,183],"perspectives":[148],"abstraction,":[150,186],"e.g.":[151],"logical,":[152],"physical.":[153],"abstractions":[155,160],"typically":[156],"form":[157],"layer;":[159],"in":[161,258,271],"logical":[163],"sense":[164],"manifest":[165,267],"themselves":[166],"individual":[168],"classes":[169],"well":[171],"collaborations":[173],"classes.":[175],"There":[176],"may":[177,195],"layered":[180],"model,":[181],"at":[182],"layers":[184],"or,":[187],"especially":[188],"given":[189],"Objectory":[191],"view":[192],"point,":[193],"multiple":[197],"models,":[198,247],"with":[199],"analysis":[201,219,237],"that's":[203],"nearly":[204],"independent":[205],"model.The":[209],"panel":[210],"will":[211],"explore:\u2022":[212],"Is":[213,269,293],"seamless":[216],"transition":[217],"between":[218,260,276],"design?\u2022":[221,242],"Should":[222],"single":[226],"should":[229],"If":[243],"how":[248],"they":[250],"bridged?\u2022":[251],"What,":[252],"if":[253],"any,":[254],"differences":[257],"process":[259],"schools?\u2022":[263],"How":[264],"does":[265],"itself!\u2022":[268],"there,":[270],"fact,":[272],"real":[274],"difference":[275],"thought?As":[281],"result":[283],"this":[285],"exploration,":[286],"we":[287],"hope":[288],"answer":[290],"question:":[292],"translation":[294],"myth":[296],"it":[299],"reality?":[301]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}