{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2071385457","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2361407.2361416","title":"A first approach for the contactless acquisition and automated detection of toolmarks on pins of locking cylinders using 3D confocal microscopy","display_name":"A first approach for the contactless acquisition and automated detection of toolmarks on pins of locking cylinders using 3D confocal microscopy","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-09-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2071385457","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2361407.2361416","mag":"2071385457"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2361407.2361416","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2361407.2361416","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the on Multimedia and security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087167228","display_name":"Eric Clausing","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146756","display_name":"Brandenburg University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04qj3gf68","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146756"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95793202","display_name":"Otto-von-Guericke-Universit\u00e4t Magdeburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00ggpsq73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95793202"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Clausing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Otto-von-Guericke University &amp; Brandenburg University of Applied Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Otto-von-Guericke University &amp; Brandenburg University of Applied Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95793202","https://openalex.org/I4210146756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062570664","display_name":"Christian Kraetzer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0138-4638"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95793202","display_name":"Otto-von-Guericke-Universit\u00e4t Magdeburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00ggpsq73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95793202"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Kraetzer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95793202"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033843025","display_name":"Jana Dittmann","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95793202","display_name":"Otto-von-Guericke-Universit\u00e4t Magdeburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00ggpsq73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95793202"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jana Dittmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95793202"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037254587","display_name":"Claus Vielhauer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146756","display_name":"Brandenburg University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04qj3gf68","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146756"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95793202","display_name":"Otto-von-Guericke-Universit\u00e4t Magdeburg","ror":"https://ror.org/00ggpsq73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95793202"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claus Vielhauer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brandenburg University of Applied Sciences &amp; Otto-von-Guericke University, Brandenburg, Germany","Brandenburg University of Applied Sciences & Otto-von-Guericke University, Brandenburg, Germany#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brandenburg University of Applied Sciences &amp; Otto-von-Guericke University, Brandenburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146756"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brandenburg University of Applied Sciences & Otto-von-Guericke University, Brandenburg, Germany#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95793202"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3887,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84705601,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"47","last_page":"56"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8178473711013794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6026440858840942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trace","display_name":"TRACE (psycholinguistics)","score":0.6008195877075195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5922749042510986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5177152156829834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5115543007850647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.38216036558151245}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8178473711013794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6026440858840942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75291252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1315756","display_name":"TRACE (psycholinguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6008195877075195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5922749042510986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5177152156829834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5115543007850647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.38216036558151245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2361407.2361416","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2361407.2361416","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the on Multimedia and security","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W202783194","https://openalex.org/W1444168786","https://openalex.org/W1529005719","https://openalex.org/W1998105458","https://openalex.org/W2044465660","https://openalex.org/W2045088442","https://openalex.org/W2078455576","https://openalex.org/W2133990480","https://openalex.org/W2139227232","https://openalex.org/W2145023731","https://openalex.org/W2146597347","https://openalex.org/W2208082420","https://openalex.org/W3099514962","https://openalex.org/W4214607592"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2061122711","https://openalex.org/W4247954915","https://openalex.org/W2131958170","https://openalex.org/W2273754158","https://openalex.org/W2336747664","https://openalex.org/W2357130048","https://openalex.org/W4206605161","https://openalex.org/W2092234295","https://openalex.org/W1971270045","https://openalex.org/W2087392923"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Lockpicking":[0],"forensics":[1,229],"is":[2,19],"currently":[3],"a":[4,10,31,66,116,128,240,260,312,316],"completely":[5],"manual":[6,221],"process,":[7,44],"which":[8,158],"requires":[9],"lot":[11],"of":[12,40,50,58,86,92,96,103,118,140,148,154,227,232,264,287,294],"skill":[13],"as":[14,16,22,24],"well":[15,23],"training":[17],"and":[18,48,100,137,198,212,217,235,251,310],"therefore":[20],"time-consuming":[21],"expensive.":[25],"In":[26,123],"this":[27,41,109,124,166,277],"paper":[28,125],"we":[29,64,126,168,188,215],"make":[30],"first":[32,139,300,318],"move":[33],"to":[34,175,191,289],"transfer":[35],"the":[36,45,56,97,101,104,111,132,138,141,146,159,178,219,225,292],"most":[37],"crucial":[38],"part":[39],"specific":[42],"forensic":[43,222],"contactless":[46,210],"aquisition":[47],"analysis":[49],"traces":[51,87,149,197],"on":[52,157],"locking":[53],"pins,":[54,267],"into":[55],"domain":[57],"digitized":[59],"forensics.":[60,77,325],"To":[61,164],"do":[62],"so,":[63],"introduce":[65],"new":[67],"five":[68],"stage":[69],"processing":[70],"methodology":[71,79],"for":[72,131,207,243,291,307,315],"semi-":[73,321],"or":[74,322],"fully-automated":[75,323],"lockpicking":[76,228,324],"Our":[78],"consists":[80],"of:":[81],"trace":[82,98,213,248,296],"positioning,":[83],"acquisition,":[84],"detection":[85,147,293],"with":[88,150,172,183,247,259,271],"segmentation":[89,151],"(or":[90,152],"region":[91,153],"interest":[93,155],"determination),":[94],"determination":[95,102,250],"type":[99,249],"used":[105],"opening":[106,252,274],"methods.":[107,275],"Within":[108],"pipeline":[110],"last":[112],"three":[113,142,272],"stages":[114],"constitute":[115],"hierarchy":[117],"pattern":[119],"recognition":[120,171],"(PR)":[121],"problems.":[122],"propose":[127],"solution":[129],"approach":[130,258,282],"Trace":[133],"Positioning,":[134],"Contacless":[135],"Acquisition":[136],"PR":[143],"problems":[144],"-":[145],"determination)":[156],"other":[160],"two":[161],"are":[162,189],"depending.":[163],"implement":[165],"segmentation,":[167],"use":[169],"texture":[170,179],"gray-level-co-occurrence":[173],"matrices":[174],"blockwisely":[176],"describe":[177],"imposed":[180],"by":[181],"toolmarks":[182],"adequate":[184],"features.":[185],"By":[186],"that":[187],"able":[190],"distinguish":[192],"between":[193],"regions":[194,199],"including":[195],"potential":[196],"without":[200],"relevant":[201],"traces.":[202],"With":[203],"our":[204,257,281],"presented":[205],"approaches":[206],"an":[208],"automated":[209],"acquisition":[211],"detection,":[214],"support":[216],"improve":[218],"classical":[220],"investigation":[223],"in":[224,230],"field":[226],"regards":[231],"effort,":[233],"objectivity":[234],"reliability.":[236],"Additionally,":[237],"it":[238,303],"creates":[239],"solid":[241],"base":[242],"future":[244],"work":[245],"dealing":[246],"method":[253],"classification.":[254],"We":[255],"evaluate":[256],"physical":[261],"test":[262,279],"set":[263,280],"15":[265],"lock":[266],"from":[268],"locks":[269],"opened":[270],"different":[273],"On":[276],"limited":[278],"achieves":[283],"True":[284],"Positive":[285],"Rates":[286],"up":[288],"85%":[290],"potentially":[295],"wielding":[297],"regions.":[298],"This":[299],"result,":[301],"although":[302],"still":[304],"leaves":[305],"room":[306],"improvement,":[308],"constitutes":[309],"shows":[311],"positive":[313],"tendency":[314],"seminal":[317],"step":[319],"towards":[320]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
