{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2054007841","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2346496.2346518","title":"Avoiding the crowds","display_name":"Avoiding the crowds","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-08-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2054007841","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2346496.2346518","mag":"2054007841"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2346496.2346518","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2346496.2346518","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGKDD International Workshop on Urban Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081160164","display_name":"Irina Ceapa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irina Ceapa","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015416044","display_name":"Chris Smith","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023892723","display_name":"Licia Capra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1425-3837"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Licia Capra","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":86,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"134","last_page":"141"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowds","display_name":"Crowds","score":0.9366695284843445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overcrowding","display_name":"Overcrowding","score":0.8909823894500732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowding","display_name":"Crowding","score":0.8683192729949951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-transport","display_name":"Public transport","score":0.6254711747169495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5580066442489624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.3855510950088501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3152787387371063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2218042016029358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.07919198274612427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.0739181637763977}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777852691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13430821","display_name":"Crowds","level":2,"score":0.9366695284843445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778872837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113614","display_name":"Overcrowding","level":2,"score":0.8909823894500732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149333683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5189188","display_name":"Crowding","level":2,"score":0.8683192729949951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539828613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178512","display_name":"Public transport","level":2,"score":0.6254711747169495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5580066442489624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.3855510950088501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3152787387371063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2218042016029358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.07919198274612427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0739181637763977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2346496.2346518","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2346496.2346518","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGKDD International Workshop on Urban Computing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5656616751","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"234239","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334960","funder_display_name":"Seventh Framework Programme"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334960","display_name":"Seventh Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W578585133","https://openalex.org/W1526263245","https://openalex.org/W1982300822","https://openalex.org/W1993418585","https://openalex.org/W2004131532","https://openalex.org/W2007286210","https://openalex.org/W2013666091","https://openalex.org/W2085009188","https://openalex.org/W2112445825","https://openalex.org/W2120453111","https://openalex.org/W2132177526","https://openalex.org/W2144758644","https://openalex.org/W2144994235","https://openalex.org/W2146599897","https://openalex.org/W2167215631","https://openalex.org/W2997437965","https://openalex.org/W4251112700","https://openalex.org/W4399416624"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4381716907","https://openalex.org/W2227281870","https://openalex.org/W1967797579","https://openalex.org/W2734209053","https://openalex.org/W3175080973","https://openalex.org/W2770824348","https://openalex.org/W2771104658","https://openalex.org/W4389234683","https://openalex.org/W2762395658","https://openalex.org/W2079722222"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"people":[1],"travelling":[2,68,75],"using":[3],"public":[4,55],"transport,":[5],"overcrowding":[6],"is":[7,57,130],"one":[8,109],"of":[9,13,34,41,46,112],"the":[10,48,116,122,136],"major":[11],"causes":[12],"discomfort.":[14],"However,":[15],"most":[16],"Advanced":[17],"Traveller":[18],"Information":[19],"Systems":[20],"(ATIS)":[21],"do":[22],"not":[23],"take":[24],"crowdedness":[25,129],"into":[26],"account,":[27],"suggesting":[28],"routes":[29],"either":[30,67],"based":[31,161],"on":[32,115,162],"number":[33],"interchanges":[35],"or":[36,71,73],"overall":[37],"travel":[38,64,113,186],"time,":[39],"regardless":[40],"how":[42,88,150],"comfortable":[43],"(in":[44],"terms":[45],"crowdedness)":[47],"trip":[49],"might":[50],"be.":[51],"Identifying":[52],"times":[53],"when":[54],"transport":[56],"overcrowded":[58],"could":[59],"help":[60],"travellers":[61,182],"change":[62],"their":[63],"patterns,":[65],"by":[66,74],"slightly":[69],"earlier":[70],"later,":[72],"from/to":[76],"a":[77,131],"different":[78],"but":[79],"geographically":[80],"close":[81],"station.":[82],"In":[83,105],"this":[84],"paper,":[85],"we":[86,107],"illustrate":[87,149],"historical":[89],"automated":[90],"fare":[91],"collection":[92],"systems":[93],"data":[94],"can":[95,153,173],"be":[96,154,174],"mined":[97],"in":[98,143],"order":[99],"to":[100,180],"reveal":[101],"station":[102],"crowding":[103,151,171],"patterns.":[104],"particular,":[106],"study":[108],"such":[110],"dataset":[111],"history":[114],"London":[117],"underground":[118],"(known":[119],"colloquially":[120],"as":[121,179],"\"Tube\").":[123],"Our":[124],"spatio-temporal":[125],"analysis":[126],"demonstrates":[127],"that":[128,168],"highly":[132],"regular":[133],"phenomenon":[134],"during":[135],"working":[137],"week,":[138],"with":[139,158,183],"large":[140],"spikes":[141],"occurring":[142],"short":[144],"time":[145],"intervals.":[146],"We":[147],"then":[148],"levels":[152,172],"accurately":[155],"predicted,":[156],"even":[157],"simple":[159],"techniques":[160],"historic":[163],"averages.":[164],"These":[165],"results":[166],"demonstrate":[167],"information":[169],"regarding":[170],"incorporated":[175],"within":[176],"ATIS,":[177],"so":[178],"provide":[181],"more":[184],"personalised":[185],"plans.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
