{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2006146291","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2345770.2345782","title":"Randomized Instruction Injection to Counter Power Analysis Attacks","display_name":"Randomized Instruction Injection to Counter Power Analysis Attacks","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2006146291","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2345770.2345782","mag":"2006146291"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2345770.2345782","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2345770.2345782","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136160450","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","issn_l":"1539-9087","issn":["1539-9087","1558-3465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056701255","display_name":"Jude Angelo Ambrose","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jude A. Ambrose","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of New South Wales","University Of New south Wales"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New South Wales","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Of New south Wales","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058096999","display_name":"Roshan Ragel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4511-2335"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111199411","display_name":"University of Peradeniya","ror":"https://ror.org/025h79t26","country_code":"LK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111199411"]}],"countries":["LK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roshan G. Ragel","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Peradeniya","University of peradeniya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Peradeniya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111199411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of peradeniya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111199411"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030042327","display_name":"Sri Parameswaran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0435-9080"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sri Parameswaran","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of New South Wales","University Of New south Wales"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New South Wales","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Of New south Wales","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3048,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83061128,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"3","first_page":"1","last_page":"28"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.9002770185470581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-analysis","display_name":"Power analysis","score":0.6827896237373352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.6340669989585876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scrambling","display_name":"Scrambling","score":0.5756171345710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.5362512469291687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obfuscation","display_name":"Obfuscation","score":0.47338858246803284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.453251451253891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-security-module","display_name":"Hardware security module","score":0.41263139247894287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3674555718898773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.19269880652427673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.18681055307388306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.14862212538719177}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9002770185470581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71743495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2845210","display_name":"Power analysis","level":3,"score":0.6827896237373352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.6340669989585876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182548165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2261483","display_name":"Scrambling","level":2,"score":0.5756171345710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5362512469291687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40305131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2616305","display_name":"Obfuscation","level":2,"score":0.47338858246803284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.453251451253891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39217717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1432354","display_name":"Hardware security module","level":3,"score":0.41263139247894287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3674555718898773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.19269880652427673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.18681055307388306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.14862212538719177}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2345770.2345782","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2345770.2345782","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S136160450","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","issn_l":"1539-9087","issn":["1539-9087","1558-3465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6600000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W654010217","https://openalex.org/W1482353292","https://openalex.org/W1491360014","https://openalex.org/W1501277346","https://openalex.org/W1504927043","https://openalex.org/W1517875064","https://openalex.org/W1548656471","https://openalex.org/W1560093457","https://openalex.org/W1560720671","https://openalex.org/W1562542037","https://openalex.org/W1565369953","https://openalex.org/W1602453119","https://openalex.org/W1686420892","https://openalex.org/W1724890242","https://openalex.org/W1748081333","https://openalex.org/W1853876455","https://openalex.org/W1897761346","https://openalex.org/W1945373036","https://openalex.org/W2070822182","https://openalex.org/W2103002136","https://openalex.org/W2105114022","https://openalex.org/W2112002249","https://openalex.org/W2117644841","https://openalex.org/W2120203085","https://openalex.org/W2136347482","https://openalex.org/W2138343965","https://openalex.org/W2139371379","https://openalex.org/W2145380590","https://openalex.org/W2148862943","https://openalex.org/W2154909745","https://openalex.org/W2158963790","https://openalex.org/W2164316519","https://openalex.org/W2166832410","https://openalex.org/W2167918316","https://openalex.org/W2168816812","https://openalex.org/W2170478686","https://openalex.org/W4237473260","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3186150091","https://openalex.org/W2759901721","https://openalex.org/W4321192641","https://openalex.org/W2566543615","https://openalex.org/W2911286527","https://openalex.org/W2913264063","https://openalex.org/W1968560271","https://openalex.org/W4311080747","https://openalex.org/W4378501452","https://openalex.org/W4230279121"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Side-channel":[0],"attacks":[1,7,24],"in":[2,8,16,137,226,232,246,250,257,261],"general":[3],"and":[4,27,35,106,146,230,241,248,255,259],"power":[5,22,46,91,112],"analysis":[6,23,47,113],"particular":[9],"are":[10,25,41,123,135],"becoming":[11],"a":[12,73,94,129,150,189,237],"major":[13],"security":[14],"concern":[15],"embedded":[17],"systems.":[18],"Countermeasures":[19],"proposed":[20],"against":[21,111],"data":[26],"table":[28],"masking,":[29],"current":[30],"flattening,":[31],"dummy":[32],"instruction":[33,75,121],"insertion":[34],"bit-flips":[36],"balancing.":[37],"All":[38],"these":[39],"techniques":[40],"either":[42],"susceptible":[43],"to":[44,52],"multi-order":[45],"attack,":[48],"not":[49],"sufficiently":[50],"generic":[51],"cover":[53],"all":[54],"encryption":[55,167,181],"algorithms,":[56],"or":[57,65],"burden":[58],"the":[59,83,90,109,120,138,142,154,160,201,214,227,233,253,264],"system":[60,110],"with":[61],"high":[62],"area,":[63],"run-time":[64],"energy":[66,251,262],"cost.":[67],"In":[68],"this":[69],"article,":[70],"we":[71],"propose":[72],"randomized":[74],"injection":[76,122,143,156,207],"technique":[77,175,208],"(":[78,193],"RIJID":[79,88],")":[80,195],"that":[81,199],"overcomes":[82],"pitfalls":[84],"of":[85,93,104,118,166,216],"previous":[86],"countermeasures.":[87],"scrambles":[89],"profile":[92],"cryptographic":[95,269],"application":[96,184],"by":[97,159,204],"injecting":[98],"random":[99,102],"instructions":[100,134],"at":[101,144,169,186],"points":[103],"execution":[105],"therefore":[107],"protects":[108],"attacks.":[114],"Two":[115],"different":[116],"ways":[117],"triggering":[119,141],"also":[124,177],"presented:":[125],"(1)":[126],"softRIJID":[127],",":[128,149],"hardware/software":[130,228],"approach,":[131,152],"where":[132,153],"special":[133],"used":[136],"code":[139,155,206],"for":[140,179,236,252,263,266],"runtime;":[145],"(2)":[147],"autoRIJID":[148],"hardware":[151,234],"is":[157,176,209],"triggered":[158],"processor":[161,220],"itself":[162],"via":[163],"detecting":[164],"signatures":[165],"routines":[168,182],"runtime.":[170,187],"A":[171],"novel":[172],"signature":[173],"detection":[174],"introduced":[178],"identifying":[180],"within":[183],"programs":[185],"Further,":[188],"simple":[190],"obfuscation":[191],"metric":[192],"RIJIDindex":[194],"based":[196,239],"on":[197,243],"cross-correlation":[198],"measures":[200],"scrambling":[202,217],"provided":[203],"any":[205],"introduced,":[210],"which":[211],"coarsely":[212],"indicates":[213],"level":[215],"achieved.":[218],"Our":[219],"models":[221],"cost":[222],"1.9%":[223],"additional":[224],"area":[225],"approach":[229,235],"1.2%":[231],"RISC":[238],"processor,":[240],"costs":[242],"average":[244],"29.8%":[245],"runtime":[247,258],"27.1%":[249],"former":[254],"25.0%":[256],"28.5%":[260],"later,":[265],"industry":[267],"standard":[268],"applications.":[270]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
