{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2138392313","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2344436.2344438","title":"Image hatching for visual cryptography","display_name":"Image hatching for visual cryptography","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2138392313","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2344436.2344438","mag":"2138392313"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2344436.2344438","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2344436.2344438","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19610489","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing Communications and Applications","issn_l":"1551-6857","issn":["1551-6857","1551-6865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032042753","display_name":"Jonathan Weir","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Weir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Queen's University Belfast, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Queen's University Belfast, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100962224","display_name":"WeiQi Yan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiqi Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Queen's University Belfast, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Queen's University Belfast, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016415049","display_name":"Mohan Kankanhalli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4846-2015"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohan S. Kankanhalli","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032042753"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5491,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70339893,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"2S","first_page":"1","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-cryptography","display_name":"Visual cryptography","score":0.8946057558059692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grayscale","display_name":"Grayscale","score":0.7039279937744141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6706331372261047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6700025796890259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6335690021514893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.5262075066566467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5158050060272217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.4882397949695587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.39371803402900696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secret-sharing","display_name":"Secret sharing","score":0.3339568078517914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.22492697834968567}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779072331","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1597418","display_name":"Visual cryptography","level":4,"score":0.8946057558059692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78201319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685727","display_name":"Grayscale","level":3,"score":0.7039279937744141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6706331372261047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6700025796890259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6335690021514893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.5262075066566467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5158050060272217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.4882397949695587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.39371803402900696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3087436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1386603","display_name":"Secret sharing","level":3,"score":0.3339568078517914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.22492697834968567}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2344436.2344438","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2344436.2344438","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19610489","display_name":"ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing Communications and Applications","issn_l":"1551-6857","issn":["1551-6857","1551-6865"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319798","host_organization_name":"Association for Computing Machinery","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319798"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Computing Machinery"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarbank.nus.edu.sg:10635/39523","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/39523","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052290","display_name":"National University of Singapore","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scopus","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W103635537","https://openalex.org/W654629213","https://openalex.org/W1549853954","https://openalex.org/W1599957431","https://openalex.org/W1973207880","https://openalex.org/W1980134726","https://openalex.org/W1988245022","https://openalex.org/W1988899733","https://openalex.org/W1989752251","https://openalex.org/W1989800297","https://openalex.org/W2016243271","https://openalex.org/W2018381959","https://openalex.org/W2024970437","https://openalex.org/W2027570214","https://openalex.org/W2036416550","https://openalex.org/W2038948825","https://openalex.org/W2061614267","https://openalex.org/W2083844309","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2141420453","https://openalex.org/W2142325488","https://openalex.org/W2144184258","https://openalex.org/W2146569305","https://openalex.org/W2159785038","https://openalex.org/W2161768666","https://openalex.org/W2167307090","https://openalex.org/W2169086819","https://openalex.org/W2527193322","https://openalex.org/W2795895201","https://openalex.org/W2919099581","https://openalex.org/W6621813106","https://openalex.org/W7014689158"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2615624051","https://openalex.org/W1761415477","https://openalex.org/W2163652515","https://openalex.org/W2925147647","https://openalex.org/W2494410772","https://openalex.org/W4236114117","https://openalex.org/W2249246659","https://openalex.org/W2027570214","https://openalex.org/W2549281079","https://openalex.org/W2032053269"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Image":[0],"hatching":[1],"(or":[2],"nonphotorealistic":[3],"line-art)":[4],"is":[5,41,53,140,170,177],"a":[6,50,61,88,104,141],"technique":[7,86],"widely":[8],"used":[9,178],"in":[10],"the":[11,70,80,98,124,130,144,149,157,163,167],"printing":[12],"or":[13,117],"engraving":[14],"of":[15,19,29,48,166],"currency.":[16],"Diverse":[17],"styles":[18],"brush":[20],"strokes":[21],"have":[22],"previously":[23],"been":[24],"adopted":[25],"for":[26],"different":[27,57,71],"areas":[28],"an":[30],"image":[31],"to":[32,69,77,90,179],"create":[33],"aesthetically":[34],"pleasing":[35],"textures":[36,58,65],"and":[37,73,148],"shading.":[38],"Because":[39],"there":[40],"no":[42],"continuous":[43],"tone":[44],"within":[45,97],"these":[46],"types":[47],"images,":[49],"multilevel":[51],"scheme":[52,169],"proposed,":[54],"which":[55,109],"uses":[56],"based":[59],"on":[60],"threshold":[62],"level.":[63],"These":[64],"are":[66,74,126,154],"then":[67,75],"applied":[68],"levels":[72],"combined":[76],"build":[78],"up":[79],"final":[81],"hatched":[82,99,151,168],"image.":[83],"The":[84,172],"proposed":[85,158],"allows":[87],"secret":[89,111,132],"be":[91,113,134],"hidden":[92],"using":[93],"Visual":[94,101],"Cryptography":[95],"(VC)":[96],"images.":[100],"cryptography":[102],"provides":[103],"very":[105],"powerful":[106],"means":[107],"by":[108,156],"one":[110],"can":[112,133],"distributed":[114],"into":[115],"two":[116],"more":[118],"pieces":[119],"known":[120],"as":[121],"shares.":[122],"When":[123],"shares":[125],"superimposed":[127],"exactly":[128],"together,":[129],"original":[131,145],"recovered":[135],"without":[136],"computation.":[137],"Also":[138],"provided":[139],"comparison":[142],"between":[143],"grayscale":[146],"images":[147,152],"resulting":[150],"that":[153,162],"generated":[155],"algorithm.":[159],"This":[160],"reinforces":[161],"overall":[164],"quality":[165],"sufficient.":[171],"Structural":[173],"SIMilarity":[174],"index":[175],"(SSIM)":[176],"perform":[180],"this":[181],"comparison.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
